Xiao Chi Hu Tang 小柴胡汤
Sho Saiko To (Japan)
Lesser Bupleurum Decoction
TCM
Shang Han Lun, c. 220
Prepare a standard decoction; traditionally in 12 cups down to half, strain, then boil down to 3 cups to be taken in 3 equal doses; may be used as powder or pills.
Harmonises Shaoyang; strengthens Spleen and Qi, clears Heat and Damp
1. Fever with Chills
2. Colds, Influenza
3. Low energy, poor appetite, irritability, nausea and vomiting, bitter taste
4. Acute Fevers: Rheumatic, Acute Viral Infections
5. Chronic Viral, Bacterial or Parasitic Infection
6. Tonsillitis, Sinusitis, recurring Ear infection (especially in infants)
7. Bronchitis
8. Pneumonia
9. Acute and Chronic Hepatitis, Viral Hepatitis
10. Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis
11. Liver Cancer
12. Low Grade Fevers, Fever related to Cancer
13. Jaundice, Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis (Gall stones)
14. Reflux Esophagitis
15. Peptic Ulcers, Gastritis
16. Weakness in children; children that get recurring infections
17. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
18. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
19. Postpartum disorders including Weakness, Infection, Fever
20. Malaria
The above is taken over the course of the day; smaller doses for children.
Used as a powder or pills in doses of 6–9 grams, 2–3 times daily.
1. Use cautiously in marked Yin or Blood deficiency
2. Avoid cold, raw, phlegm-producing and spicy foods while taking this formula.
1. Dang Shen Codonopsis is usually used in place of Ginseng in 2–3 times the dose unless there is severe Qi deficiency.
2. Common Cold or Influenza:
i. add Saposhnikovia Fang Feng, Cinnamon twig Gui Zhi
ii. add Lonicera Jin Yin Hua, Forsythia Lian Qiao
3. Acute Bronchitis, add Platycodon Jie Geng, Apricot kernel (Xing Ren)
4. Headache, add Ligusticum Chuan Xiong, Angelica
5. Thirst, add Ophiopogon Mai Men Dong
6. Abdominal pain, omit Scutellaria Huang Qin and add Paeonia Bai Shao
7. Indigestion in Children, add Atractylodes Bai Zhu, Poria Fu Ling, Hawthorn fruit (Shan Zha)
8. Jaundice from Damp-Heat: add Artemisia Yin Chen Hao, Gardenia Zhi Zi
9. Malarial disorders:
i. add Artemisia Qing Hao
ii. add Dichroa Chang Shan, Betel nut (Bing Lang)
This is a one of the most commonly used formula in TCM. It strengthens the Spleen, digestion, Qi and Immune system while gently clearing Phlegm and Heat. It is useful for acute Infections and Epidemics in the Young, Old or Weak; it supports the Body in numerous chronic disease; it balances and strengthens the Spleen and Liver. It is especially useful in Pediatrics.
Last Updated 01/24
IMMUNOMODULATORY / IMMUNOSTIMULANT:
–Shosaiko-to and other Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicines: a review of their immunomodulatory activities.
–Augmentation of NK activity after oral administration of a traditional Chinese medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (shosaiko-to).
–Induction of interferon after administration of a traditional Chinese medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (shosaiko-to).
ANTI-SEPSIS:
–Preventive effects of a traditional Chinese medicine (Sho-saiko-to) on septic shock symptoms; approached from heme metabolic disorders in endotoxemia.
–Preventive effects of a traditional Chinese medicine (Sho-saiko-to) on endotoxin-induced cytotoxicity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in J774A.1 Cells.
ANTI-VIRAL:
–Xiao chai hu tang inhibits CVB1 virus infection of CCFS-1 cells through the induction of Type I interferon expression.
COVID, LONG COVID:
–Clinical characteristics and impacts of traditional Chinese medicine treatment on the convalescents of COVID-19.
CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME::
–Successful Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with Chronic Febricula Using the Traditional Japanese Medicine Shosaikoto.
CHRONIC GASTRITIS:
–Anti-Helicobacter pylori and Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Constituent Analysis of Modified Xiaochaihutang for the Treatment of Chronic Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer.
GASTRIC ULCER:
–Anti-Helicobacter pylori and Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Constituent Analysis of Modified Xiaochaihutang for the Treatment of Chronic Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer.
ANTI-ULCER:
–[Antiulcer properties of shosaiko-to].
DIARRHEA:
–Insight into the mechanism of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang alleviates irinotecan-induced diarrhea based on regulating the gut microbiota and inhibiting Gut β-GUS.
–Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT) Intervening Irinotecan’s Disposition: The Potential of XCHT in Alleviating Irinotecan-Induced Diarrhea.
OBESITY:
–Soshiho-Tang Aqueous Extract Exerts Antiobesity Effects in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice and Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.
ANTI-THROMBOTIC:
–Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of Soshiho-tang extract.
CHRONIC PROSTATITIS:
–Network pharmacology and molecular docking study on the mechanism of chronic prostatitis treatment using Xiaochaihutang.
NEPHROPROTECTIVE:
–Renal protective effect of xiao-chai-hu-tang on diabetic nephropathy of type 1-diabetic mice.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE:
–Xiao-Chai-Hu Tang in treating model mice with D-galactosamine-induced liver injury.
–Effects of Sho-saiko-to extract and its components, Baicalin, baicalein, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid, on pharmacokinetic behavior of salicylamide in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats.
–Effect of Sho-saiko-to extract on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in dimethylnitrosamine induced liver injury rats.
–[Effect of sho-saiko-to (xiao-chai-hu-tang) on hepatic injury induced by halothane in rats].
–Treatment of chronic liver injury in mice by oral administration of xiao-chai-hu-tang.
LIVER FIBROSIS:
–Xiaochaihutang attenuates liver fibrosis by activation of Nrf2 pathway in rats.
–Sho-saiko-to prevents liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in rats.
–Effect of Sho-saiko-to extract on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in dimethylnitrosamine induced liver injury rats.
–[Controlled prospective trial to evaluate Syosakiko-to in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis of the liver].
HEPATITIS:
–Xiao Chai Hu Tang, a herbal medicine, for chronic hepatitis B.
–Pharmacokinetic interactions of herbal medicines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis.
–Traditional Chinese medicine and related active compounds: a review of their role on hepatitis B virus infection.
–A single arm phase II study of a Far-Eastern traditional herbal formulation (sho-sai-ko-to or xiao-chai-hu-tang) in chronic hepatitis C patients.
–[Xiaochaihu Tang for treatment of chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review of randomized trials].
–Sho-saiko-to (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang) and crude saikosaponins inhibit hepatitis B virus in a stable HBV-producing cell line.
–Effect of sho-saiko-to(xiao-chai-hu-tang) on HBeAg clearance in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and with sustained liver disease.
–A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial of Shosaiko-to in chronic active hepatitis.
DEPRESSION:
–Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the liver reveals potential protein targets of Xiaochaihutang in CUMS model of depression.
–Antidepressant-like effects of Xiaochaihutang in perimenopausal mice.
–Quantitative proteomics reveal antidepressant potential protein targets of xiaochaihutang in corticosterone induced model of depression.
–Xiaochaihutang attenuates depressive/anxiety-like behaviors of social isolation-reared mice by regulating monoaminergic system, neurogenesis and BDNF expression.
–Antidepressant-like effects of Xiaochaihutang in a neuroendocrine mouse model of anxiety/depression.
–Neurological mechanism of Xiaochaihutang’s antidepressant-like effects to socially isolated adult rats.
–Serum metabonomics study of anti-depressive effect of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang on rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress.
–Analysis of main constituents and mechanisms underlying antidepressant-like effects of Xiaochaihutang in mice.
–Xiaochaihutang prevents depressive-like behaviour in rodents by enhancing the serotonergic system.
–Antidepressant-like effects of Xiaochaihutang in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE:
–Korean traditional herbal formula Soshiho-tang attenuates memory impairment and neuronal damage in mice with amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer’s disease.
CANCER:
–Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang ameliorates tumor growth in cancer comorbid depressive symptoms via modulating gut microbiota-mediated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
–Antitumor activities and tumor necrosis factor producibility of traditional Chinese medicines and crude drugs.
BREAST:
–The Pharmacological Mechanisms of Xiaochaihutang in Treating Breast Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology.
COLORECTAL:
–Network pharmacology and molecular docking study on the mechanism of colorectal cancer treatment using Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang.
KIDNEY:
–Antitumor effects and pharmacological interaction of xiao-chai-hu-tang (sho-saiko-to) and interleukin 2 in murine renal cell carcinoma.
LIVER:
–THE HERBAL MIXTURE XIAO-CHAI-HU TANG (XCHT) INDUCES APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA HUH7 CELLS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO.
–[Effect of Xiaochaihu decoction and different herbal formulation of component on inhibiting H22 liver cancer in mice and enhancing immune function].
LUNG:
–Cytotoxic effect of herbal medicine sho-saiko-to on human lung-cancer cell-lines in-vitro.
–Effects of a blended Chinese medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang, on Lewis lung carcinoma growth and inhibition of lung metastasis, with special reference to macrophage activation.
OVARIAN:
–Inhibitory effects of herbal drugs on the growth of human ovarian cancer cell lines through the induction of apoptosis.
COMBINATION WITH CHEMOTHERAPY
–[An approach to prolongation of survival rate in tumor bearing mice using 5-fluorouracil in combination with various kinds of herb medicine].
METASTASIS:
–Effects of a blended Chinese medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang, on Lewis lung carcinoma growth and inhibition of lung metastasis, with special reference to macrophage activation.
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Sho Saiko To (Japan)
Lesser Bupleurum Decoction
Tradition:
TCM
Source / Author:
Shang Han Lun, c. 220
Herb NameChai Hu (Bupleurum)Huang Qin (Baical Skullcap) Ban Xia (Pinellia root) Sheng Jiang (fresh Ginger) Ren Shen (Ginseng) Da Zao (Jujube) Zhi Gan Cao (Fried Licorice) |
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Preparation:
Prepare a standard decoction; traditionally in 12 cups down to half, strain, then boil down to 3 cups to be taken in 3 equal doses; may be used as powder or pills.
Function:
Harmonises Shaoyang; strengthens Spleen and Qi, clears Heat and Damp
Use:
1. Fever with Chills
2. Colds, Influenza
3. Low energy, poor appetite, irritability, nausea and vomiting, bitter taste
4. Acute Fevers: Rheumatic, Acute Viral Infections
5. Chronic Viral, Bacterial or Parasitic Infection
6. Tonsillitis, Sinusitis, recurring Ear infection (especially in infants)
7. Bronchitis
8. Pneumonia
9. Acute and Chronic Hepatitis, Viral Hepatitis
10. Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis
11. Liver Cancer
12. Low Grade Fevers, Fever related to Cancer
13. Jaundice, Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis (Gall stones)
14. Reflux Esophagitis
15. Peptic Ulcers, Gastritis
16. Weakness in children; children that get recurring infections
17. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
18. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
19. Postpartum disorders including Weakness, Infection, Fever
20. Malaria
Dose:
The above is taken over the course of the day; smaller doses for children.
Used as a powder or pills in doses of 6–9 grams, 2–3 times daily.
Cautions:
1. Use cautiously in marked Yin or Blood deficiency
2. Avoid cold, raw, phlegm-producing and spicy foods while taking this formula.
Modifications:
1. Dang Shen Codonopsis is usually used in place of Ginseng in 2–3 times the dose unless there is severe Qi deficiency.
2. Common Cold or Influenza:
i. add Saposhnikovia Fang Feng, Cinnamon twig Gui Zhi
ii. add Lonicera Jin Yin Hua, Forsythia Lian Qiao
3. Acute Bronchitis, add Platycodon Jie Geng, Apricot kernel (Xing Ren)
4. Headache, add Ligusticum Chuan Xiong, Angelica
5. Thirst, add Ophiopogon Mai Men Dong
6. Abdominal pain, omit Scutellaria Huang Qin and add Paeonia Bai Shao
7. Indigestion in Children, add Atractylodes Bai Zhu, Poria Fu Ling, Hawthorn fruit (Shan Zha)
8. Jaundice from Damp-Heat: add Artemisia Yin Chen Hao, Gardenia Zhi Zi
9. Malarial disorders:
i. add Artemisia Qing Hao
ii. add Dichroa Chang Shan, Betel nut (Bing Lang)
This is a one of the most commonly used formula in TCM. It strengthens the Spleen, digestion, Qi and Immune system while gently clearing Phlegm and Heat. It is useful for acute Infections and Epidemics in the Young, Old or Weak; it supports the Body in numerous chronic disease; it balances and strengthens the Spleen and Liver. It is especially useful in Pediatrics.
Last Updated 01/24
IMMUNOMODULATORY / IMMUNOSTIMULANT:
–Shosaiko-to and other Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicines: a review of their immunomodulatory activities.
–Augmentation of NK activity after oral administration of a traditional Chinese medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (shosaiko-to).
–Induction of interferon after administration of a traditional Chinese medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang (shosaiko-to).
ANTI-SEPSIS:
–Preventive effects of a traditional Chinese medicine (Sho-saiko-to) on septic shock symptoms; approached from heme metabolic disorders in endotoxemia.
–Preventive effects of a traditional Chinese medicine (Sho-saiko-to) on endotoxin-induced cytotoxicity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in J774A.1 Cells.
ANTI-VIRAL:
–Xiao chai hu tang inhibits CVB1 virus infection of CCFS-1 cells through the induction of Type I interferon expression.
COVID, LONG COVID:
–Clinical characteristics and impacts of traditional Chinese medicine treatment on the convalescents of COVID-19.
CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME::
–Successful Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with Chronic Febricula Using the Traditional Japanese Medicine Shosaikoto.
CHRONIC GASTRITIS:
–Anti-Helicobacter pylori and Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Constituent Analysis of Modified Xiaochaihutang for the Treatment of Chronic Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer.
GASTRIC ULCER:
–Anti-Helicobacter pylori and Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Constituent Analysis of Modified Xiaochaihutang for the Treatment of Chronic Gastritis and Gastric Ulcer.
ANTI-ULCER:
–[Antiulcer properties of shosaiko-to].
DIARRHEA:
–Insight into the mechanism of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang alleviates irinotecan-induced diarrhea based on regulating the gut microbiota and inhibiting Gut β-GUS.
–Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT) Intervening Irinotecan’s Disposition: The Potential of XCHT in Alleviating Irinotecan-Induced Diarrhea.
OBESITY:
–Soshiho-Tang Aqueous Extract Exerts Antiobesity Effects in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice and Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.
ANTI-THROMBOTIC:
–Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of Soshiho-tang extract.
CHRONIC PROSTATITIS:
–Network pharmacology and molecular docking study on the mechanism of chronic prostatitis treatment using Xiaochaihutang.
NEPHROPROTECTIVE:
–Renal protective effect of xiao-chai-hu-tang on diabetic nephropathy of type 1-diabetic mice.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE:
–Xiao-Chai-Hu Tang in treating model mice with D-galactosamine-induced liver injury.
–Effects of Sho-saiko-to extract and its components, Baicalin, baicalein, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid, on pharmacokinetic behavior of salicylamide in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats.
–Effect of Sho-saiko-to extract on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in dimethylnitrosamine induced liver injury rats.
–[Effect of sho-saiko-to (xiao-chai-hu-tang) on hepatic injury induced by halothane in rats].
–Treatment of chronic liver injury in mice by oral administration of xiao-chai-hu-tang.
LIVER FIBROSIS:
–Xiaochaihutang attenuates liver fibrosis by activation of Nrf2 pathway in rats.
–Sho-saiko-to prevents liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation in rats.
–Effect of Sho-saiko-to extract on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in dimethylnitrosamine induced liver injury rats.
–[Controlled prospective trial to evaluate Syosakiko-to in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis of the liver].
HEPATITIS:
–Xiao Chai Hu Tang, a herbal medicine, for chronic hepatitis B.
–Pharmacokinetic interactions of herbal medicines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis.
–Traditional Chinese medicine and related active compounds: a review of their role on hepatitis B virus infection.
–A single arm phase II study of a Far-Eastern traditional herbal formulation (sho-sai-ko-to or xiao-chai-hu-tang) in chronic hepatitis C patients.
–[Xiaochaihu Tang for treatment of chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review of randomized trials].
–Sho-saiko-to (Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang) and crude saikosaponins inhibit hepatitis B virus in a stable HBV-producing cell line.
–Effect of sho-saiko-to(xiao-chai-hu-tang) on HBeAg clearance in children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and with sustained liver disease.
–A multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial of Shosaiko-to in chronic active hepatitis.
DEPRESSION:
–Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the liver reveals potential protein targets of Xiaochaihutang in CUMS model of depression.
–Antidepressant-like effects of Xiaochaihutang in perimenopausal mice.
–Quantitative proteomics reveal antidepressant potential protein targets of xiaochaihutang in corticosterone induced model of depression.
–Xiaochaihutang attenuates depressive/anxiety-like behaviors of social isolation-reared mice by regulating monoaminergic system, neurogenesis and BDNF expression.
–Antidepressant-like effects of Xiaochaihutang in a neuroendocrine mouse model of anxiety/depression.
–Neurological mechanism of Xiaochaihutang’s antidepressant-like effects to socially isolated adult rats.
–Serum metabonomics study of anti-depressive effect of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang on rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress.
–Analysis of main constituents and mechanisms underlying antidepressant-like effects of Xiaochaihutang in mice.
–Xiaochaihutang prevents depressive-like behaviour in rodents by enhancing the serotonergic system.
–Antidepressant-like effects of Xiaochaihutang in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE:
–Korean traditional herbal formula Soshiho-tang attenuates memory impairment and neuronal damage in mice with amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer’s disease.
CANCER:
–Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang ameliorates tumor growth in cancer comorbid depressive symptoms via modulating gut microbiota-mediated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
–Antitumor activities and tumor necrosis factor producibility of traditional Chinese medicines and crude drugs.
BREAST:
–The Pharmacological Mechanisms of Xiaochaihutang in Treating Breast Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology.
COLORECTAL:
–Network pharmacology and molecular docking study on the mechanism of colorectal cancer treatment using Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang.
KIDNEY:
–Antitumor effects and pharmacological interaction of xiao-chai-hu-tang (sho-saiko-to) and interleukin 2 in murine renal cell carcinoma.
LIVER:
–THE HERBAL MIXTURE XIAO-CHAI-HU TANG (XCHT) INDUCES APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA HUH7 CELLS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO.
–[Effect of Xiaochaihu decoction and different herbal formulation of component on inhibiting H22 liver cancer in mice and enhancing immune function].
LUNG:
–Cytotoxic effect of herbal medicine sho-saiko-to on human lung-cancer cell-lines in-vitro.
–Effects of a blended Chinese medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang, on Lewis lung carcinoma growth and inhibition of lung metastasis, with special reference to macrophage activation.
OVARIAN:
–Inhibitory effects of herbal drugs on the growth of human ovarian cancer cell lines through the induction of apoptosis.
COMBINATION WITH CHEMOTHERAPY
–[An approach to prolongation of survival rate in tumor bearing mice using 5-fluorouracil in combination with various kinds of herb medicine].
METASTASIS:
–Effects of a blended Chinese medicine, xiao-chai-hu-tang, on Lewis lung carcinoma growth and inhibition of lung metastasis, with special reference to macrophage activation.
Back to DECOCTIONS
Back to FORMULAS
How to Modify a Formula
Substitutes
Weights & Measures