Salvia miltiorrhiza, Dan Shen 丹参 Dan Shen (TCM)

Salvia Dan Shen flower
(Photo by 阿橋) (Wikimedia)

Salvia Dan Shen dried root at the Chengdu Medicine Market (Adam 2015)

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Botanical name:

Salvia miltiorrhiza

Parts used:

Root and rhizome

Temperature & Taste:

Cool, dry. Bitter (Some traditional sources have said it is Neutral, others that it is Warm)

Classification:

K. Move the Blood

Uses:

1. Move the Blood, Clears Stasis, Eases Pain:
-sharp, fixed pain from Blood stagnation
-Masses of the abdomen from Blood Stagnation
-swelling of the Liver, Spleen or other abdominal organs
-pricking or stabbing pain of the chest or abdomen; Angina Pectoris
-‘dissolves hard mass in the abdomen’ (Shen Nong Ben Cao)

2. Moves the Blood, Promotes Menstruation:
-Amenorrhea, Dysmenorrhea, Menstrual disorders
-various gynecological disorders related to Blood stagnation

3. Moves the Blood, Clears Wind, Benefits Bones and Joints:
-Arthritic pain with Blood stagnation (used for Blood Heat or Blood stagnation)
-‘effective for treating arthralgia due to attack of pathogenic Wind with debilitated feet’. (Tao Hong Jing)
-‘relieves pain in the bones and tendons, and paralysis of the extremities’ (Da Ming)

4. Clears Blood Heat, Reduces Abscesses:
-auxiliary herb for Blood heat disorders
-Fever; irritability, subcutaneous Bleeding, Nosebleed or Spitting Blood during Fever (Heat enters the Blood)
-Early stages of Breast (and other) Abscess; Sores, Toxic Swellings; expels pus
-Red, hot, swollen painful joints
-red, sore, inflamed Eyes

5. Clears Heart Fire, Nourishes Heart Blood and Yin, Settles the Mind and Spirit:
-Insomnia, restlessness, fidgeting, irritability, Palpitations
-‘tranquilizes the Spirit, stabilizes the Willpower’ (Da Ming)
-used in conditions where Heat enters the Nutritive/Blood level (during Fevers), with Blood Stagnation, or Heart Yin or Blood deficiency

6. Benefits Qi and Blood:
-‘reinforces Qi’. (Shen Nong Ben Cao)
-generates new Blood. (Da Ming)
-‘Long-term taking of the drug is good for health’ (Ming Yi Bie Lu)
-‘After taking the drug, the patient will be able to keep up with a galloping horse’. (Xiao Bing)
-the tonic effect is regarded as mild compared to other tonic herbs, nevertheless it has this effect

Dose:

Powder: 1–4 grams

Comment:

… available in PRO version.

Preparation:

… available in PRO version.

Main Combinations:

1. To move the Blood, ease pain after Trauma, as well as for Amenorrhea, Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
2. ‘Menstrual difficulties, … available in PRO version.
3. Irregular menstruation, Uterine Bleeding, Infertility, Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
4. Postpartum abdominal pain, Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
5. Qi and Blood stagnation with Chest or Abdominal pain, Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
6. Chest Pain, Angina Pectoris:
i. Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
ii. Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
iii. Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
7. Palpitations, Insomnia, excess Dreaming from Heart Blood and/or Yin deficiency:
i. Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
ii. Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
iii. Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
iv. Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
8. Irritability, Insomnia from Heat entering the Nutritive/Blood level
i. Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
ii. Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
9. Early stages of Breast Abscess:
i. Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
ii. Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.
10. Trauma, Salvia Dan Shen with … available in PRO version.

Major Formulas:

Tian Wang Bu Xin Dan
Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan
Dan Shen Yin

Cautions:

1. Not used during Pregnancy. (However it has been used to ‘soothe the Fetus’–Da Ming)
2. Some people may experience dry mouth, dizziness, headache

Drug Interactions:

1. Incompatible with Veratrum root

Main Preparations used:

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• Extra Info
  
• Research

GENERAL / REVIEW –Overview of Salvia miltiorrhiza as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Various Diseases: An Update on Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action. –Tanshinones, Critical Pharmacological Components in Salvia miltiorrhiza. COMBINATIONS WITH PUERARIA –Salvia miltiorrhiza and Pueraria lobata, two eminent herbs in Xin-Ke-Shu, ameliorate myocardial ischemia partially by modulating the accumulation of free fatty acids in rats. –Is it safe to take Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza – Radix Pueraria Lobate product with warfarin and aspirin? A pilot study in healthy human subjects. –Aqueous extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge-Radix Puerariae herb pair ameliorates diabetic vascular injury by inhibiting oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. WITH DALBERGIA –Salvia miltiorrhiza and the Volatile of Dalbergia odorifera Attenuate Chronic Myocardial Ischemia Injury in a Pig Model: A Metabonomic Approach for the Mechanism Study. –A network pharmacology approach to reveal the protective mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza-Dalbergia odorifera coupled-herbs on coronary heart disease. –Cardioprotective effects and underlying mechanism of Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza and Lignum Dalbergia odorifera in a pig chronic myocardial ischemia model. –Metabonomic Strategy for the Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza and Dalbergia odorifera Interfering with Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. WITH PAEONIA MOUTAN –Comparative pharmacokinetics of seven bioactive components in normal, sham-operated, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury rats after oral administration of the Salvia Miltiorrhiza-Moutan Cortex herb pair. WITH ASTRAGALUS –The Synergistic Effects of Astragalus mongholicus and Salvia miltiorrhiza on Coronary Heart Disease Identified by Network Pharmacology and Experiment. –Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix astragali on the TGF-β/Smad/Wnt pathway and the pathological process of liver fibrosis in rats. –Effects of Astragalus injection and Salvia Miltiorrhiza injection on serum inflammatory markers in patients with stable coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled trial protocol. –Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression via miR-145/miR-21 mediated Smad3 phosphorylation. –Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis via modulating TGF-β/TβR and Imp7/8. –Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats by Regulating the Toll-Like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling Pathway. –[The study of using cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza to treat acute lung injury induced by paraquat poisoning in rats]. WITH LIGUSTICUM CHUANXIONG –A network pharmacology-based study on the quality control markers of antithrombotic herbs: Using Salvia miltiorrhiza – Ligusticum chuanxiong as an example. WITH AGRIMONIA –The Anti-Inflammatory and the Antinociceptive Effects of Mixed Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Extract. WITH PANAX NOTOGINSENG –Antithrombotic effect and action mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng herbal pair on the zebrafish. –Regulation of serum lipidomics and amino acid profiles of rats with acute myocardial ischemia by Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng herb pair. WITH SAFFLOWER –Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Hydrophilic Components in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. and Carthamus tinctorius L. in Rats That Underwent Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Using an HPLC-DAD Method. –Pharmacological potential of the combination of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) and Carthamus tinctorius (Honghua) for diabetes mellitus and its cardiovascular complications. –Pharmacokinetics of Active Ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius in Compatibility in Normal and Cerebral Ischemia Rats: A Comparative Study. –Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius Extract Prevents Cardiac Fibrosis and Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction by Epigenetically Inhibiting Smad3 Expression. WITH VERATRUM –Veratrum nigrum inhibits the estrogenic activity of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge in vivo and in vitro. ANTIBACTERIAL –New Insights Into the Antibacterial Mechanism of Cryptotanshinone, a Representative Diterpenoid Quinone From Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. –Minor compounds of the high purity salvianolic acid B freeze-dried powder from Salvia miltiorrhiza and antibacterial activity assessment. ANTI-VIRAL –Two new tanshinone derivatives from the rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza and their antiviral activities. –Oxazole-Containing Diterpenoids from Cell Cultures of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Their Anti-HIV-1 Activities. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY –The Anti-Inflammatory and the Antinociceptive Effects of Mixed Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Extract. –A network pharmacology approach to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of effective ingredients from Salvia miltiorrhiza. –Anti-inflammatory activity of caffeic acid derivatives isolated from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. ANALGESIC –The Anti-Inflammatory and the Antinociceptive Effects of Mixed Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Extract. COVID –Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge as a Potential Natural Compound against COVID-19. TUBERCULOSIS –Tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis via disruption of the cell envelope surface and oxidative stress. ACUTE LUNG INJURY –Salvia miltiorrhiza Injection Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Adjusting the Balance of MMPs/TIMPs Ratio. –Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Ameliorate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats by Regulating the Toll-Like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling Pathway. –[The study of using cordyceps-astragalus-salvia miltiorrhiza to treat acute lung injury induced by paraquat poisoning in rats]. ANTI-ALLERGY –Anti-allergic effects of salvianolic acid A and tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza determined using in vivo and in vitro experiments. ALLERGIC ASTHMA –Protective effects and active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extracts on airway responsiveness, inflammation and remodeling in mice with ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. IMMUNE EFFECT –Preparation, Antioxidant and Immunoregulatory Activities of a Macromolecular Glycoprotein from Salvia miltiorrhiza. –Diterpenoids from Salvia miltiorrhiza and Their Immune-Modulating Activity. –Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide activates T Lymphocytes of cancer patients through activation of TLRs mediated -MAPK and -NF-κB signaling pathways. FATTY LIVER DISEASE –Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) in the Treating Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on the Regulator of Metabolic Targets. HEPATOPROTECTIVE –Study on the mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides in relieving liver injury of broilers induced by florfenicol. ANTI-THROMBOTIC –A network pharmacology-based study on the quality control markers of antithrombotic herbs: Using Salvia miltiorrhiza – Ligusticum chuanxiong as an example. –Screening of Potential Anti-Thrombotic Ingredients from Salvia miltiorrhiza in Zebrafish and by Molecular Docking. –Anti-thrombotic activity of phenolic acids obtained from Salvia miltiorrhiza f. alba in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells via the NF-κB/JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. –Antithrombotic effect and action mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng herbal pair on the zebrafish. FIBRINOLYTIC –Tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza exerts anti-fibrotic effects on cardiac fibroblasts and rat heart tissues by suppressing the levels of pro-fibrotic factors: The key role of miR-618. –Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix astragali on the TGF-β/Smad/Wnt pathway and the pathological process of liver fibrosis in rats. –Salvia Miltiorrhiza Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis by Activating Hepatic Natural Killer Cells in Vivo and in Vitro. –Anti-fibrotic effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Ligustrazine Injection on LX-2 cells involved with increased N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 expression. POSTOPERATIVE ADHESIONS –Salvia miltiorrhiza hydroalcoholic extract inhibits postoperative peritoneal adhesions in rats. CARDIOPROTECTIVE –Tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza exerts anti-fibrotic effects on cardiac fibroblasts and rat heart tissues by suppressing the levels of pro-fibrotic factors: The key role of miR-618. –Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius Extract Prevents Cardiac Fibrosis and Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction by Epigenetically Inhibiting Smad3 Expression. –Cardioprotective effects and underlying mechanism of Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza and Lignum Dalbergia odorifera in a pig chronic myocardial ischemia model. –Cardio-protection of ultrafine granular powder for Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge against myocardial infarction. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE –Salvia miltiorrhiza in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review on Its Pharmacological and Clinical Applications. –Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge): A Prospective Healing Sage for Cardiovascular Diseases. –Salvia miltiorrhiza Roots against Cardiovascular Disease: Consideration of Herb-Drug Interactions. CORONARY HEART DISEASE –The Synergistic Effects of Astragalus mongholicus and Salvia miltiorrhiza on Coronary Heart Disease Identified by Network Pharmacology and Experiment. –Pharmacodynamic substances in Salvia miltiorrhiza for prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease based on lipidomics technology and network pharmacology analysis. –Effects of Astragalus injection and Salvia Miltiorrhiza injection on serum inflammatory markers in patients with stable coronary heart disease: a randomized controlled trial protocol. –A network pharmacology approach to reveal the protective mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza-Dalbergia odorifera coupled-herbs on coronary heart disease.

MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA –Mechanism research of Salvia miltiorrhiza on treating myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury according to network pharmacology combined with molecular docking technique. –Salvia miltiorrhiza and Pueraria lobata, two eminent herbs in Xin-Ke-Shu, ameliorate myocardial ischemia partially by modulating the accumulation of free fatty acids in rats. –Salvia miltiorrhiza and the Volatile of Dalbergia odorifera Attenuate Chronic Myocardial Ischemia Injury in a Pig Model: A Metabonomic Approach for the Mechanism Study. –Corrigendum to “Salvia miltiorrhiza and the Volatile of Dalbergia odorifera Attenuate Chronic Myocardial Ischemia Injury in a Pig Model: A Metabonomic Approach for the Mechanism Study” –Comparative pharmacokinetics of seven bioactive components in normal, sham-operated, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury rats after oral administration of the Salvia Miltiorrhiza-Moutan Cortex herb pair. –Regulation of serum lipidomics and amino acid profiles of rats with acute myocardial ischemia by Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng herb pair. –Cardioprotective effects and underlying mechanism of Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza and Lignum Dalbergia odorifera in a pig chronic myocardial ischemia model. ANGINA PECTORIS –Clinical effectiveness and safety of salvia miltiorrhiza depside salt combined with aspirin in patients with stable angina pectoris: A multicenter, pragmatic, randomized controlled trial. NEUROPROTECTIVE –Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) water extract shows potential neuroprotective effects in Caenorhabditis elegans. –New diterpenoid quinones derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza and their cytotoxic and neuroprotective activities. ANXIETY –Anxiolytic effect of an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) in mice. –Anxiolytic effect of an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza roots in rats. ACUTE BRAIN INJURY –Therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of Salvia Miltiorrhiza on rats with acute brain injury after carbon monoxide poisoning based on the strategy of internet pharmacology. CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA –Pharmacokinetics of Active Ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius in Compatibility in Normal and Cerebral Ischemia Rats: A Comparative Study. –Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) extract attenuates permanent cerebral ischemia through inhibiting platelet activation in rats. CEREBRAL INFARCTION –Molecular Mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in Treating Cerebral Infarction. ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE –Salvia miltiorrhiza improves Alzheimer’s disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. –The effects of bioactive components from the rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) on the characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease. DEMENTIA –The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a medicinal plant for preventing and treating vascular dementia. OBESITY –Anti-Obesity Effects of Tanshinone I from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet through Inhibition of Early Adipogenesis. POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME –The Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on Reproduction and Metabolism in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. NEPHROPROTECTIVE –Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides alleviates florfenicol induced kidney injury in chicks via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. –Proteome and transcriptome explore the mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides to relieve florfenicol-induced kidney injury in broilers. –Astragalus membranaceus and Salvia miltiorrhiza ameliorates cyclosporin A-induced chronic nephrotoxicity through the “gut-kidney axis”. –[Effects of water extract of salvia miltiorrhiza aganst renal injury on rats exposed to cadmium]. HYPOPARATHYROIDISM –A prospective study of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Rhizoma chuanxiong preparation in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. ACUTE PANCREATITIS –Elucidating the Mechanism of Action of Salvia miltiorrhiza for the Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE –Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Evidence and Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Developing Supplementary Medical Application. DIABETES –Efficacy and safety of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) and ligustrazine injection in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. –Salvia miltiorrhiza improves type 2 diabetes: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. –Pharmacological potential of the combination of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) and Carthamus tinctorius (Honghua) for diabetes mellitus and its cardiovascular complications. –Salvia miltiorrhiza in diabetes: A review of its pharmacology, phytochemistry, and safety. DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY –Exploring the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza in diabetic nephropathy using network pharmacology and molecular docking. –Salvia miltiorrhiza protects against diabetic nephropathy through metabolome regulation and wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling inhibition. –Salvia miltiorrhiza Lipophilic Fraction Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Nephropathy through Activation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2. DIABETES VASCULAR INJURY –Aqueous extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge-Radix Puerariae herb pair ameliorates diabetic vascular injury by inhibiting oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. KIDNEY STONES –Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) for Treatment and Prevention of Urolithiasis: A Drosophila Animal Study. –Treatment of Urolithiasis with Medicinal Plant Salvia miltiorrhiza: A Nationwide Cohort Study. OSTEOPOROSIS –Anti-osteoporotic effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge EtOH extract both in ovariectomized and naturally menopausal mouse models. –Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) protects ovariectomized rats fed with high-saturated fat-sucrose diet from bone loss. OSTEOARTHRITIS –Identification of the molecular mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza relevant to the treatment of osteoarthritis based on network pharmacology. SPINAL CORD INJURY –Danshen extract (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) attenuate spinal cord injury in a rat model: A metabolomic approach for the mechanism study. MALE STERILITY –Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key insights into male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. CANCER –Thirteen undescribed diterpenoid quinones derived from the rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza and their anti-tumor activities. –Polypharmacological Profiles Underlying the Antitumor Property of Salvia miltiorrhiza Root (Danshen) Interfering with NOX-Dependent Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. BRAIN –Tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge revert chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain and reduce glioblastoma cells malignancy. CERVICAL –Inhibitory Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza Extract and Its Active Components on Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplastic Cells. COLORECTAL –Antitumor effect and molecular mechanism of antioxidant polysaccharides from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in human colorectal carcinoma LoVo cells. LIVER –Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression via miR-145/miR-21 mediated Smad3 phosphorylation. –Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza extract inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis via modulating TGF-β/TβR and Imp7/8. LUNG –Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract on lung adenocarcinoma. –The component formula of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax ginseng induces apoptosis and inhibits cell invasion and migration through targeting PTEN in lung cancer cells. –Danshensu, a major water-soluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, enhances the radioresponse for Lewis Lung Carcinoma xenografts in mice. –Apoptosis induced by the methanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in non-small cell lung cancer through PTEN-mediated inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway. ORAL –Anticancer Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza Alcohol Extract on Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells. OVARIAN –Anti-tumor and chemosensitization effects of Cryptotanshinone extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. on ovarian cancer cells in vitro. PROSTATE –Inhibition of Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cell Line DU-145 in vitro and in vivo Using Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. CHEMOTHERAPY TOXICITY –Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) and Bioactive Compound Tanshinone IIA Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Through Regulating PXR/NF-κB Signaling. –Functional Redox Proteomics Reveal That Salvia miltiorrhiza Aqueous Extract Alleviates Adriamycin-Induced Cardiomyopathy via Inhibiting ROS-Dependent Apoptosis. –Reversal of doxorubicin-resistance by Salvia miltiorrhiza ligustrazine in the SHG44/doxorubicin glioma drug-resistant cell line. –Protective effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge on 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis. BURN WOUNDS –Beneficial effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the healing of burn wounds: an experimental study in rats.