Ligustrum, Glossy Privet Fruit, Nu Zhen Zi 女贞子

Glossy Privet
Nu Zhen Zi (TCM)
Picture Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, vol. 52 (1825)

Picture Ligustrum lucidum fruit
(Photo by SABENCIA Guillermo César Ruiz) (Wikimedia)

Botanical name:


Ligustrum lucidum; L. thibeticum is also used.

Parts used:


Fruit

Temperature & Taste:


Cool. Bitter, Sweet
“It is Warm” (Li Shi Zhen)

Classification:


N. Yin Tonic

Uses:


1. Nourish and Strengthen the Liver and Kidney:
-Dizziness, Vertigo, Tinnitus
-Lower Back pain and weakness
-premature Greying of hair
-Osteoporosis
-aid in Infertility
-‘Long-term use makes one put on weight, feel happy and vigourous, and remain young-looking’. (Shen Nong Ben Cao)

2. Benefits the Eyes:
-Floaters, Poor eyesight, Failing Vision, especially in the elderly due to Liver and Kidney weakness
-the juice has been applied directly to the eyes fro Wind-Heat conjunctivitis (Ji Ji Xian Fang [Immortal’s Prescriptions for Emergency])
-‘turns graying hair black and brightens the eye’ (Li Shi Zhen)

3. Clears Deficient Heat:
-Heat from Yin deficiency
-Tuberculosis; Scrofula


Dose:


Decoction: 9–18 grams
Powder: 1–4 grams

Preparation:


1. Wine-processed Ligustrum fruit:
  Stew or steam with wine until the wine is entirely absorbed (using 10% by weight of wine to dried fruit). This is more warming, better to enter the blood, and can more strongly relieve cold-type lower back pain.

Main Combinations:


Commonly combined with Eclipta Han Lian Cao This pair in equal parts forms Er Zhi Wan, used to nourish Yin with symptoms such as lower back pain and weakness, dizziness, blurred vision and insomnia. It has also been used for Osteoporosis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

1. Sore and Weakness of the Lower Back, Dizziness:
i. Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Dodder seed (Tu Si Zi) and Psoralea Bu Gu Zhi
ii. Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Eucommia Du Zhong, Rehmannia Shu Di Huang
2. Deficient Heat, Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Paeonia Mu Dan Pi
3. To strengthen the Eyesight and improve Vision, Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Lycium Gou Qi Zi (‘Goji’ fruit)
4. Sore, red eyes:
i. Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Cassia Jue Ming Zi
ii. Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Chrysanthemum Ju Hua
5. Premature greying of Hair:
i. Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Black Sesame seed
ii. Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Eclipta Han Lian Cao (Mo Han Lian). Traditionally, Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi is soaked in wine and the juice of Eclipta is gently boiled to a paste. The 2 are mixed to form pills the size of parasol seeds, the dose being 100 pills. After 10 days it makes one very strong, stops night urination and helps turns grey hair black. (Nu Zhen Dan Fang)
6. Nourish the Blood and Yin:
i. Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Eclipta Han Lian Cao (Mo Han Lian), Paeonia Bai Shao Used for Dizziness, Vertigo, premature greying of Hair.
ii. Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Eclipta Han Lian Cao (Mo Han Lian), Morus Sang Shen Zi (Mulberry fruit-spike) as a medicated wine for Neurasthenia
7. Osteoporosis: Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Epimedium Yin Yang Huo, Cornus Shan Zhu Yu
8. Acute Gouty Arthritis: Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Polygonum cuspidatum Hu Zhang (see research below)
9. Prostatitis /Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia:
i. Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Dodder seed (Tu Si Zi), Phellodendron Huang Bai
ii. Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Eclipta Han Lian Cao (Er Zhi Wan; see research below)
10. Scrofula, Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi with Lycium Di Gu Pi, Artemisia Qing Hao, Prunella Xia Ku Cao (Self Heal)

Major Formulas:


Er Zhi Wan

Cautions:


Not for Diarrhea from Cold and Weakness of the Stomach

Main Preparations used:




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Last Updated 01/24

GENERAL / REVIEW:
Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, a traditional Chinese Medicine: Comprehensive review of botany, traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacology, and toxicity.
The advances in research on the pharmacological effects of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi.
Ligustri lucidi fructus as a traditional Chinese medicine: a review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology.

ANTIVIRAL:
INFLUENZA:
Secoiridoid analogues from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum and their inhibitory activities against influenza A virus.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
Secoiridoid glycosides from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum and their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity.
Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Ligustrum Lucidum Ait Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.

INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES:
Therapeutic Potentials of Secoiridoids from the Fruits of Ligustrum lucidum Aiton against Inflammation-Related Skin Diseases.

IMMUNOMODULATORY:
Bioactivity-guided isolation of immunomodulatory compounds from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum.

PROCESSING:
Exploring the boost of steaming with wine on Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis based on superior “multi-component structure” and iron/bone metabolism coregulation.
Analysis of chemical variations between raw and wine-processed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis approach.
An integrated approach to reveal the chemical changes of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus during wine steaming processing.
[Content change of main components in processed Ligustrum lucidum fruits of different processing time and their characteristic quality standard based on UPLC technology].

NEUROPROTECTIVE:
Ligustroflavone exerts neuroprotective activity through suppression of NLRP1 inflammasome in ischaemic stroke mice.

COLITIS:
Fructus ligustri lucidi suppresses inflammation and restores the microbiome profile in murine colitis models.

MODULATES MICROBIOME:
Fructus ligustri lucidi suppresses inflammation and restores the microbiome profile in murine colitis models.
ZhenQi FuZheng formula inhibits the growth of colorectal tumors by modulating intestinal microflora-mediated immune function.

RENAL FIBROSIS:
Structural characterization and protective effect against renal fibrosis of polysaccharide from Ligustrum lucidum Ait.
DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY:
Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Kidney Distribution of Raw and Wine-Steamed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus Extracts in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats.
The Protective Effect of Ethyl Acetate and n-Butanol Fractions of Wine-Steamed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus on Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats.

GOUTY ARTHRITIS:
[Mechanism and experimental verification of “Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix-Ligustri Lucidi Fructus” combination in treatment of acute gouty arthritis based on network pharmacology].

OSTEOPOROSIS:
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi in Osteoporosis: A Review of its Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacokinetics and Safety.
Ligustrum lucidum and its Constituents: A Mini-Review on the Anti-Osteoporosis Potential.
Exploring the boost of steaming with wine on Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis based on superior “multi-component structure” and iron/bone metabolism coregulation.
Epimedii Folium and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus Promote Osteoblastogenesis and Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis against Osteoporosis via Acting on Osteoblast-Osteoclast Communication.
Protective Effects of Water Extract of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi against Oxidative Stress-Related Osteoporosis In Vivo and In Vitro.
Anti-perimenopausal osteoporosis effects of Erzhi formula via regulation of bone resorption through osteoclast differentiation: A network pharmacology-integrated experimental study.
Protective Effects of Ligustroflavone, an Active Compound from Ligustrum lucidum, on Diabetes-Induced Osteoporosis in Mice: A Potential Candidate as Calcium-Sensing Receptor Antagonist.
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi modulates estrogen receptor expression with no uterotrophic effect in ovariectomized rats.

LUMBAR DISC HERNIATION:
Comparative analysis of the influence of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi on a rat lumbar disc herniation model.

INFERTILITY:
A prospective study on the endometrium properties and the pregnancy rate of infertile women with thin endometrium receiving Fructus ligustri lucidi used in traditional Chinese medicine.

BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA:
Combination of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus with Ecliptae Herba and their phytoestrogen or phytoandrogen like active pharmaceutical ingredients alleviate oestrogen/testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia through regulating steroid 5-α-reductase.

CANCER:
Assessing the Mechanism of Action of “Fructus Ligustri Lucidi-Cuscutae Semen” in Prostate Cancer Treatment Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.
ZhenQi FuZheng formula inhibits the growth of colorectal tumors by modulating intestinal microflora-mediated immune function.
Ethanol extract of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. leaves suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.