Glossary of Unani Medicine Names

Aab–Water Aab e … –Juice of Aab e Aahak – Lime water, Calcium hydroxide Aab e Anar Sheerin – Sweet Pomegranate juice Aab e Angoor Kham – juice of Unripe Grapes Aab e Badiyan Sabz – juice of Green Fennel Aab e Barg e... – Leaf juice of Aab e Bhangra – Eclipta juice Aab e Baran – Rain Water Aab e Dahi – Curd Water Aab e Garam – Warm Water Aab e Kadu – Pumpkin juice Aab e Kansi Sabz – Chicory juice Aab e Kishneez Sabz – Coriander juice Aab e Lemun – Lemon juice Aab e Limun – Lemon juice Aab e Mako Sabz – Black Nightshade juice Aab e Namak e Toam – Salt Water Aabnoos – Ebony Aahak – Lime stone Aahak Maghsool – slaked Lime Aak – Calotropis gigantea Aalu Balu – Cherry, Prunus cerasus Aalu Bukhara – Prune/ Plum, Prunus domestica Aam – Mango, Mangifera indica Aamba Haldi – Curcuma amada Aamla – Emblic Myrobalan, Emblica officinalis Aaqarqarha – Pyrethrum, Anacyclus pyrethrum Aarad … Four / Meal Aarad e Hulba – Fenugreek flour Aarad e Jau – Barley flour Aas – Myrtle, Myrtus communis Aash e Jau – Barley water Abhal – Juniper berries Ab Muqqatar – distilled water Abrak – Mica Abrak Safaid – Biotite Mica Abrak Siyah – Black Mica Abraisham Muqahraz – Silkworm Cocoon dust Abresham – Silkworm Cocoon Abresham Kham – Immanture Silkworm Cocoon Adas – Lentil, Lens esculenta Adas Muqashshar – uncoated Lentil Adrak – Ginger Afarbiyun – Euphorbium, Euphorbium resinifera Aftimoon – Dodder, Cuscuta epithymum Afsanteen – Wormwood Afyun – Opium Agar – Aloeswood, Aquilaria agallocha Aidgaozaban –Onosma bracteatum Aikohal –Alcohol Ajmod – Trachyspermum sp Ajwayin – see Ajwain Ajwain – Bishops Weed;   i. Trachyspermum ammi, ii. Ptychotris ajowan Ajwain Khorasani – Henbane (seed?) Akhrot – Walnut Akhrot Sabz – Green Walnut Amaltas – Cassia fistula Ambar – Ambergris Amber Ash-hab – Ambergris Amid Khnshk – dried Emblic Myrobalan Amrood – Guava Anannas – Pineapple Anar – Pomegranate Anardana – Pomegranate seed Anar Shireen – Sweet Pomegranate Anar Tursh – Sour Pomegranate Anba – Mango Angoor – Grape Angoor Tursh – Sour Grapes Anisoon – Annis Anjabar – Bistort, Polygonum aviculare Anjdan – Asafetida seed, Ferula foetida Anjeer – dried Fig, Ficus carica Anjeer Dashti – Wild Fig, Ficus hispida Anjeer Zard – dried Fig, Ficus carica Anjra – dried Fig, Ficus carica Anzaroot – Sarcocolla, Astragalus sarcocolla Aqaqia – Acacia leaf exract, Acacia arabica Aqeeq – Agate Aqeeq Surkh – Red Agate / Carnelian Aqiq – Agate Aqiq Surkh – Carnelian Aqleemiya – ore dross of gold and silver, Iron sulphide Aqleemiya e Fizza – dross of silver, Iron sulphide Aqleemiya e Tila – dross of silver, Iron sulphide Aqrab – Scorpion Arad Kunar – Chinese Date Arand – Castor seed Arhar – Pigeon Pea, Cajanus cajan Arq … distilled water (of herb) Arq e Bed Mushk – Musk Willow Water Arq Bed Sada – Willow water Arq Gulab – Rose Water Arq e Gul e Ward – Rose Water Arq e Kewra – Screw pine water, Pandanus odoratissimus Arq Keora – Screw pine water, Pandanus odoratissimus Arusa – Adhatoda vasica Arvi – Wild Taro, Colocasia esculenta Asal – Honey Asaroon – Asarum, Asarum european Asfidaj – compound Bhasma of zinc, tin and lead Asgand – Withania, Withania somnifera Asl us Soos – Licorice root Asl u Soos Muqashshar – peeled Licorice root Asool … Root Aspaghol – Ispaghul, Plantago ovata Asrab – Lead Asrol – Rauwolfia serpentina Atees – Aconitum heterophyllum Atis – Aconitum heterophyllum Atyaan – Earth Azaraqi – Nux Vomica, Strychnos nux vomica Azaraqi Sokhta – burnt/prepared Nux Vomica , Strychnos nux vomica Azfar ut Teeb – Odoriferous sea Snail Babchi – Psoralea spp. Baboona – Camomile, Matricaria chamomilla Babul – Gum Arabic, Acacia arabica Babuna – Camomile, Matricaria chamomilla Badam – Almond Badam Talkh – Bitter Almond Badavard – Cretan Prickly Clover, Fagonia arabica Badiyan – Fennel seed Badranjboya – Catmint; Nepeta cataria or Melissa parvifolia Bael – Aegle marmelos Bahera – Beleric Myrobalan, Terminalia bellerica Bahman – see Behman Bahrangi – Clerodendrum serratum Baikhumbi – Careya arborea Baiza – Egg Baiza e Murgh – Chicken Egg Bajra – Pearl Millet, Pennissetum glaucum Bakain – Melia azedarach Bakayin – Melia azedarach Baladar – Marking nut, Semecarpus anarcardium Balanga – Lallemantia royleana Balango – Salvia seed, Salvia aegyptiaca Balchar – Valerian, Valeriana officinalis Balela – Beleric Myrobalan, Terminalia bellerica Baloot – Chestnut or Acorn Balsan – Balsam tree, Commiphora opobalsamum Banafsha – Violet, Viola odorata Banj – Henbane Baobarang – Embelia, Embelia ribes Baqla – Broad Bean, Vicia faba Bandal – Luffa, Luffa echinata Baraf – Ice Baranjasif – Mugwort (& Motherwort) A. vulgaris (& Leonurus cardiaca) Bargad – Ficus bengalensis Barg e … – Leaf of Barg e Bakain – Melia azedarach leaf Barg e Bans – Bamboo leaf, Bambusa arundinacea Barg e Bedanjeer – Castor plant leaf Barg e Dhak – Bengal Kino tree leaves, Butea frondosa Barg e Dhatura – Datura leaf Barg e Hina – Henna leaf, Lawsonia inermis leaf Barg e Jhao – French Tamarsk leaves, Tamarix gallica Barg e Kasni Sabz – Chicory leaf Barg e Khurfa Sabz – Purslane leaf Barg e Madar – Calotropis procera Barg e Neem – Azadirachta indica leaf Barg e Peepal Khakastar – Ficus religiosa leaf ash Barg e Qinnab – Cannabis leaf Barg e Rehan – Holy Basil leaf Barg e Shibt – Dill leaf, Anethum sowa Barg e Sudab – Rue, Ruta graveolens Barg e Unnab – Jujube leaf, Zizyphus vulgaris Bartang – Plantain, Plantago major Bazr … Seed Bazr ul Banj – Henbane seed Badanjeer – Castor seed Bed Mushk – Musk Willow, Salix caprea Bedmushk – Musk Willow, Salix caprea Bed Sada – Willow, Salix alba Beejband – Sorrel Beer Behuti – Cochineal Insect, Thrombidium grandissimum Beesh, Bish – Aconite, Aconitum ferox and others Behi – Quince fruit, Cydonia oblongata Behidana – Quince seed, Cydonia oblongata Behman Safaid – White Behen, Centaurea behen Behman Surkh – Red Behen, Salvia haematodes Behroza – Pine resin, Pinus longifolia Bekh … Root Bekh e Anjabar – Bistort root, Polygonum bistorta Bekh e Badiyan – Fennel root, Foeniculum vulgare Bekh e Izkhar – Andropogon jwarancusa root Bekh e Jalapa – Japal, Ipomoea jalapa Bekh e Kabar – Caper root, Capparis spinosa Bekh e Kabur – Caper root, Capparis spinosa Bekh e Karafs – Celery root, Apium graveolens Bekh e Kasni – Chicory root, Chicorium intybus Bekh e Marjan – Red Coral root Bekh e Piya Bansa – Barleria prionitis Bekh e Sosan – Iris root, Iris ensata Belgiri – Bael fruit pulp, Aegle marmelos Bellman Safaid – White Behen, Centaurea behen Bellman Surkh – Red Behen, Salvia haematodes Ber – Jujube, Zizyphus jujube Bhang – Cannabis / Bhang Bhangra – Eclipta, Eclipta alba Bhilavan – Marking nut, Semecarpus anarcardium Bijasar – Kino, Pterocarpus marsupium Biryan – Dry-roatsing / frying Bisbasa – Mace Bisfaij – Polypody root, Polypodium vulgare Bisfayej – Polypody root, Polypodium vulgare Biranj Sathi – Rice Bozidan – Pyrethrum root, Tanacetum umbelliferum Brahmdandi – Tricholepis glaberrima, T. angustifolia Bukum – Lippia nodiflora Bura Armani – Armenian Earth Barada Faulad – Iron dust Barada Fauland – Iron dust Burada Dandan e Feel – Ivory powder Burada Sandal Safaid – White Sandalwood powder, Santalum album Burg Gaozaban – Onosma bracteatum Bussud i Ahmar – Red Coral root Busud – Red Coral root Busud Sokhta – Red Coral roots burnt Buzidan – Pyrethrum root, Tanacetum umbelliferum (by some stated to be Salep, Orchis latifolia, O. masculata) Chaach – Butter Milk Chachh – Whey Chaksu – Cassia absus Chai – Tea, Camelia sinensis Chalia – Areca nut, Areca catechu Chamra Jalaya Lata – Burnt Leather Chana – i. Primrose (Primula veris); ii. Checkpea (Cicer arietinum) Chandi – Silver Charbi – Fat Charbi e Bat – Duck Fat Charbi Gurda Buz – Fat of Goat’s Kidney Charela – Lichen / Stone Moss, Parmelia perlata Chatim – Alstonia scholaris Chaulai – Amaranth Chawal – Rice Chemeli – Jasmine, Jasminum grandiflorum Chhuee Muee – Sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica Chilghoza – Pine nuts, Pinus gerardiana Chiraita – Swertia, Swertia chirata Chirchata – Chinese Wolfberry, Goji, Lycium barbarum Chirchita – Chinese Wolfberry, Goji, Lycium barbarum Chobchini – China root, Smilax china Chuee Muee – Sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica Chuqandar – Beet, Beta vulgaris Chura Warq Nuqra – Silver leaf Chura Warq Tila – Gold leaf Cowdi – Cowri shell Dahi – Curd Damm ul Akhwain – Dragons Blood, Dracaena cinnabari Dandan e Feel Sokhta – Ivory roasted Darchikna – Mercuric chloride Darchini – Cinnamon, Cinnamonum zeylanicum Darunaj aqrabi – Doronicum hookeri Dayaqooza – Syrup of Poppy capsule Deodar – Cedrus deodara Dhak – Butea monospermum Dhamya – Fagonia cretica Dhamasa – Fagonia arabica Dhatura – Datura. alba, D. stramonium               Dirmana Turki – Wormseed, Artemesia maritima Doda Kapas – Cotton seed capsule, Gossypium herbaceum Doodh – Milk Doodhi Khurd – Euphorbia thymifolia, E. hirta Dudhi Khurd – Euphorbia thymifolia, E. hirta Dukhna e Munjamid – Soot Duqu – Peucedanum grande Elva – Aloe Fad Zahar Madani – Bezoar Falsa – Grewia asciatica Faranjmushk – Sweet Basil seed, Ocimum gratissimum Farasiyun – Valerian, Valeriana wallichi Farfiyun – Euphorbium, Euphorbium resinifera Faulad – Iron Filfil Daraz – Long Pepper, Piper longum Filfil Moya – Long Pepper, Piper longum Filfil Safaid – White Pepper, Piper album Filfil Siyah – Black Pepper, Piper nigrum Filfil Surkh – Chilli Pepper, Capsicum annum Filzaat – Metals Firoza – Turquoise Fitrasaliyun – Parsley Fizza – Silver Foh – Indian Madder, Rubia cordifolia Fufal – Areca nut, Areca catechu Funduq – Hazel nut Fuqa – alcohol from Barley Fuqah … – Flower Bud Gajar – Carrot Gandana –Leek Gandum – Wheat Gandhak anda sar musaffa – Purified Sulphur Ganna ka Ras – Sugarcane juice Gaodanti – Gypsum Gaozaban – Borage, Borago officinalis Garam – Hot Garam Paani – Hot water              Gaudanti – Gypsum Gazur – Carrot Geru – Red Ochre, Red Earth Ghafis – Persian Gentian, Gentiana dahurica Ghariqoon – Agaricus alba, Fomes officinalis Gheekawar – Aloe, Aloe barbadensis Ghongchi – Jequirity, Abrus precatorius Gid Dhawa – Woodfordia fruticosa flowers Gil e … Earth Gil e Armani – Red Earth / Armenian Gil e Daghistani – clay from a mountain region Gil e Makhtoom – Sealing Clay Gil e Multani – Fullers Earth Gil e Qaimulia – Cimolite Earth Gil e takhtmn – East Indian Clay Gilo – Tinospora cordifolia Gosht Murgh – Chicken meat Gospad  – Sheep, Goat Gulab – Rose Gular – Ficus racemosa Gul e … Flower Gul e Baboona – Camomile flower Gul e Bahar – Orange flower Gul e Banafsha – Violet flower Gul e Chandi – Moon flower, Ipomoea bona-nox Gul e Dhawa – Button tree flowers, Anogeissus latifolia Gul e Dopaharya – Scarlet Pentapetes, Pentapetes phoenica Gul e Fufal – Flowers of Areca nut, Areca catechu Gul e Ghafis – Persian Gentian, Gentiana dahurica Gul e Gurhal – Hibiscus flower Gul e Khatmi – Marshmallow flowers Gul e Mahuwa – Madhuca indica Gul e Nilofar – Water Lily flower Gul e Pista – Pistachio flower Gul e Sewti – White Rose flower Gul e Surkh – Rose, Rosa damascena Gul e Tesu – Kino tree flowers, Butea frondosa Gul e Ward – Rose flower Gulgaozaban – Onosma bracteatum flowers Gulnar – Pomegranate flower (Male / Abortive variety) Punica granatum Gulnar Farsi – Pomegranate flower (Male / Abortive variety) Punica granatum Gur – Jaggery Gurmar Buti – Gymnema sylvestris Habb … Fruit / Seed Habb ul Aas – Myrtle fruit, Myrtus communis Habb ul Ghaar – Laurel, Laurus nobilis Habb ul Neel – Indigo / Pharbitis Ipomoea hederacea; (Indigofera sp) Habb ul Qilqil – Cardiospermum helicacabum Habb ul Qutn – Cotton plant, Gossypium herbaceum Habb ul Rashaad – Garden Cress; Lepidium sativum Habb ul Salateen – Croton Hubb ul Salatin – Croton Habb ul Samena – Buchanania angustifolia Habb e Sanobar – Pine nut Hadiyun ka Gooda – Bone Marrow Hajriyaat – Stones Hajr e Magnatees – Magnetite Hajr ul Yahood – Lapis Judaicus Hajr us Sam – Bezoar Haleeb – Paste / Emulsion (nuts or seeds ground in water) Halela – Chebula, Terminalia chebula Halela Kabuli – Brown Chebula, Terminalia chebula Halela Siyah – Black Chebula, Terminalia chebula (Black) Halela Siyah Biryan – Black Chebula roasted, Terminalia chebula (Black) Halela Zard – Yellow Chebula, Terminalia chebula (Yellow) Halyun – Asparagus, Asparagus officinalis Hamama – Gum Ammoniac, Dorema ammoniacum Hanzal – Colocynth, Citrulus colocynthis Hartal – Orpiment, Arsenic trisulphide Hartal Tabqi – Realgar Hartal Tabaqi Rnudabbir – Orpiment Hartal Warqi – Arsenic trisulphide Hasha – Thyme, Thymus serpyllum Hashaish … – Whole Herb Heel Kalan – Greater Cardamon, Amomum subulatum Heel khurd – Lesser Cardamon, Elettaria cardamomum Hijr ul Yahood – Lapis Judaicus Hilteet – Asafetida Hina – Henne, Lawsonia inermis, L. alba Hing – Asafetida Hingula – Cinnabar Hira Kasees – Green Vitriol, Iron Sulphate Hiran Khuri – Corchorus fascicularis Hulba – Fenugreek seed Hummaz – Sorrel, Rumex vesicarius Ijas – Plum, Prunus domestica Ikleel ul Malik – Milkvetch, Astragalus hamosus Ilak ul Anbat – Pistachio Ilak ul Butm – Turpentine tree, Pinus longiufolia Inab us Salab – Black Nightshade, Solanum nigrum Inderjao Shireen – Wrightia tinctoria Inderjao Talkh – Holarrhena antidysenterica Irsa – Iris root, Iris ensata Isapghol – Ispongel seed, Plantago ovata Isapghol Biryan – Ispongel seed roasted, Plantago ovata Ispand – Wild or Syrian Rue, Peganum harmala Ispast – Clover, Trifolium alexandricum Isqeel – Squill, Urginea indica Izkhar – Lemon Grass, Cymbopogon jwarancusa Jadah – Bugle, Ajuga reptens Jadwar – Delphinium denudatum Jahar Mohra – Mineral Bezoar, Serpentine mineral Jaiphal – Nutmeg Jalapa – Jalap, Ipomoea purga Jamalgota – Croton, Croton tiglium Jamun – Syzygium cumini Jao – Barley Jaosheer – Galbanum, Ferula galbaniflua Jast – Zinc Jau – Barley Jau Biryan – Roasted Barley Jau Muqashshar – Dehusked Barley Jauz ul Qai – Randia dumetorum Jauz us Saroo – Cypress ‘nuts’; Cypress semperviens     Jauzbuwa – Nutmeg Javitri – Mace Jawaharat – Gems Jawakhar – Salt of Tartar (impure) ; Potassium carbonate Jawansa – Alhagi pseudahagi Jawar – Sweet Sorghum, Sorghum vulgare Jhao – Tamarisk tree, Tamarix spp. Jharberi – Jujube seed, Zizyphus xyloph Jirjeer, Jirjir – Rocket, i. Eruca sativa; ii. Nasturtium offiicinale Jiroza – Turquoise Joshanda – decoction Julaab – honey boiled w. Rose water Jundbedastar – Castoreum Juntiana – Gentian, Gentiana lutea Juntiyana – Gentian, Gentiana lutea Kababchini – Cubeb, Piper cubeba Kakab e Khandan – Zanthoxylum alatum Kabar – Capers, Capparis spinosa      Kabid – Liver Kabood – Green Jasper Kacchuri – Zedoary, Curcuma zedoaria Kachnal – Mountain Ebony, Bauhinia racemosa Kachnar – Mountain Ebony, Bauhinia racemosa Kachuri – Zedoary, Curcuma zedoaria Kadu – Musk Melon, Curcurbita moschata Kadu e Daraz – Bottle Gourd,, Lagenaria siceraria Kafoor – Camphor Kaghaz – Paper Kaghaz Sokhta – Burnt Paper Kahruba – Amber (succinum) Kahruba e Shamal – Amber (some=Vateria indica) Kahu – Lettuce, wild, Lactuca sativa Kaifal – Myrica nagi Kaith – Feronia limonia Kaknaj – Winter Cherry, Physalis alkekengi Kakri – Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Kakronda – Nagi Camphor, Blumea balsamifera Kaladana – Ipomoea hederacea Kali Tulsi – Ocimum basilicum Kalongi – Nigella, Nigella sativa Kamazarius – Germander, Teucrinum chamaedrys Kamila – Mallotus philippinensis Kamrakh – Averrhoa carambola Kanakana – Cinchona officinalis Kaner – Nerium indicum Kanghi – Abutilon indicum Kanocha – Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Kanwal Gatta – Nelumbu nucifera Karafs – Celery Karafs e Kohi – Parsley Karanj – Pongamia glabra Karanjwa – Caesalpinia bonducella Karsana – Pea Kasees – Green Vitriol, Iron Sulphate Kaseru – Manna, Fraxinus ornus Kashim – Alstonia scholaris Kasondi – Cassia occidentalis Kasoos – Dodder herb, Cuscuta reflexa Katai Khurd – Solanum xanthocarpum Katan – Linseed Katan Koftah – beaten Linseed Kateera – Gum Tragacanth Kat Hal – Artocarpus heterophyllus Kath Safaid – White Catechu, Uncaria gambier Katira – Gum Tragacanth i. Astragalus tragacanth ii. Cochlospermum religiosum (common substitute) Katni – Linseed, Linum usitatissimum Kattha – Catechu Kattha Safaid – White Catechu, Uncaria gambier Kauri – Cowrie shell, Cyprea moneta Kauri Sokhta – Burnt Cowrie shell, Cyprea moneta Keekar – Gum Arabic, Acacia arabica Kela – Banana, Musa paradisiaca Keora – Screw pine, Pandanus tectorius Kewra – Screw pine, Pandanus tectorius Khabs ul Hadeed – Iron rust or Magnetite Khajoor – Dates, Phoenix dactylifera Khaksi – Hedge Mustard, Sisymbrium Khalis taizab nainak – Hydrochloric acid Kharateen – Earthworm, Pheritim spp. Kharbaq – Black Hellebore, Helleborus niger Kharbaq Siyah – Black Hellebore, Helleborus niger Kharbuza – Sweet Melon, Cucumis melo Khardal – Black Mustard, Brassica nigra Khar e Khasak – Tribulus terrestris Khar Mohra – Cowrie shell Kharnob e Shami – Carob, Ceratonia siliqua Kharpaza – Sweet Melon seed, Cucumis melo Khas – Vetiver, Vetiveria zizanoides Khashab – Wood Khashkhaash – Poppy seed, Papaver somniferum Khashkhaash Siyah – Black Poppy seed Khasta Aam – Mango seed kernel, Mangifera indica Khasta Jamun – Jamol seed kernel, Eugenia jambolana Khatmi – Marshmallow, Althea officinalis Khiratin musaffa – Earthworm cleansed, Pheretima posthuma Khirni – Manilkara hexandra Khira – Cucumber, Cucumis sativus Khisht – Manna, Fraxinus ornus Khiyar – Cucumber, Cucumis sativus Khiyarzah – Snake Cucumber, Cucumis melo var. utilissmus Khizama – Reseda odorata Khubani – Apricot, Prunus armeniaca Khubbazi – Mallow, Malva sylvestris Khubs ul Hadeed – Iron rust Khulanjan – Galangal, Alpina galanga Khurd – Tribulus terrestris Khurfa – Purslane, Portulaca oleracea Khurma – Dates Khushk … – Dried Khushk Dashti – Dried Fig Khusyat us Saleb – Salep, Orchis latifolia Kibreet – Sulphur Kibreet Masfoof – Sulphur powder Kikar – Gum Arabic, Acacia arabica Kishmish – Raisin, Vitis vinifera             Kishneez – Coriander seed, Kishneez Khushk – Coriander seed dried Kishneez Sabz – Fresh Coriander Kishniz – Coriander, Coriandrum sativum Kohal – Antimony or Galena, Sulphide of Antimony or Lead Kohl Isfahani – Antimony or Galena, Sulphide of Antimony or Lead Koknar – Poppy capsule Konch – Mucuna prurita Koyla – Coal Kuchla – Nux Vomica, Strychnos nux vomica Kuclda Muddabir – Nux Vomica prepared, Strychnos nux vomica Kulthi – Horse gram Kundur –  Olibanum, Boswellia serrata     Kundush – Schoenocaulon officinale Kunjashk – Sparrow Kunjad Siyah – Black Sesame seed Kushta – Bhasma / Calcined oxide Kushta Abrak – Bhasma of Mica Kushta Aqiq – Bhasma of Agate / Carnelian Kushta i Chhilka Baiza Murgh – Calcined Egg Shell Kushta Faulad – Bhasma of Iron

Kushta Jast – Zinc Bhasma Kushta Jaulad – Bhasma of Iron Kushta Khubs ul Hadeed – Bhasma of Iron Rust Kushta Nqra – Bhasma of Silver Kushta Nuqra – Bhasma of Silver Kushta Qalai – Bhasma of Tin Kushta Qalij – Bhasma of Tin Kushta Samm ul Far – Bhasma of Arsenic Kushta Usrab – Bhasma of Lead Kuslita Khabs ul Hadid – Ferric Oxide Kutki – Picrorrhiza kuroa Laban – Milk / Secretions Lablab – Field Bean, Dolichos lab-lab Ladan – Labdanum, Cistus labdanum Laham – Meat Lahsan – Garlic Lajward – Lapis Lazuli Lal – Ruby / Red Topaz Lal Hartal – Realgar Laung – Clove, Syzygium aromaticum Leemu – Lemon Lemun Kaghzi – Lemon Loab – Mucilage Loab e Behidana – Quince seed mucilage Loab e Gul e Khatmi – Marshmallow flower mucilage Loab e Hulba – Fenugreek seed mucilage Loab e Isapghol – Ispongel seed mucilage Loab e Katan – Linseed mucilage Loban – Gum Benzoin, Styrax benzoin Lodh Pathani – Symplocos racemosa Lokat – Loquat, Eriobotrya japonica Luffah – Deadly Nightshade, Atropa belladonna Luk – Lac, Lacca Maa ul Asl – Honey water Maa ul Jubn – Water of Cheese (Whey?) Maash – Black Gram, Phaseolus mungo Machechi – Knotweed, Polygonum plebium Madar – Calotropis gigantea Maghz – Kernel / Nut Maghz e Amaltas – Cassia fistula Maghz e Badam Sheerin – Sweet Almond kernel Maghz e Badam Shireen – Sweet Almond kernel Maghz e Badam Talkh – Bitter Almond kernel Maghz e Chilghoza – Pine nut Maghz e Funduq – Hazel nut kernel Maghz e Habb ul Zalam – Cyperus esculentus Maghz e Narjeel – Coconut kernel Maghz e Panbadana – Cotton seed kernel Maghz e Tukhm – Seed Kernel Maghz e Tukhm e Bakain – Melia azedarach seed kernel Maghz e Tukhm e Kharpaza – Sweet Melon kernels Maghz e Tukhm e Khiyar – Cucumber seed kernels Maghz e Tukhm e Khiyarzah – Snake Cucumber kernels Maghz e Tukhm e Konch – Mucuna pruriens Maghz e Tukhm e Neem – Azadirachta seed kernel Maghz e Tukhm e Tarbuz – Water Melon seed kernel Maghziyat – Kernels Mahirubian – Prawns Maida Lakdi – Wild Pomegranate bark, Litsea chinensis Mainphal – Emetic nut, Randia dumetorum Majeeth – Madder, Rubia cordifolia Makhana – Fox Nut, Euryale ferox Makhkhan – Butter Mako – Black Nightshade, Solanum nigrum Mako Khushk – Black Nightshade dried, Solanum nigrum Makoh – Black Nightshade, Solanum nigrum Malkangani – Celastrus paniculatus Mameeran – i. Coptis teeta; ii. Thalictrum foliolosum Mameesa – i. Coptis teeta; ii. Thalictrum foliolosum Mamira, Mamiran – i. Coptis teeta; ii. Thalictrum foliolosum Marg e Mosha – White Arsenic oxide Marjan – Red Coral branches Maror Phali – Helicteris isora Marqasheesha – dross of gold and silver Marwarid – Pearl Marwarid Saida – levigated Pearl Marwareed – Pearl Marzanjosh – Marjoram, Oreganum vulgare Masfoof – Powder Mash – Black Gram, Phaseolus mungo Maska – Butter Mastagi – Mastic, Pistacia lentiscus Masti e Ghok – Secretion of Frog (Toad?) Matar – Pea, Pisum sativum Maweez – Raisin, Vitis vinifera Maweez Munaqqa – Large Raisin, stoned, Vitis vinifera Maweezaj – Stavesacre seed, Delphinium staphysagria Maya – Camel Maya Shttr A rabi – Camel milk cheese Mayeen Kalan – Tamarisk Galls (large)          Mayeen Khurd – Tamarisk Galls (small)          Maryoon – Butterfly Pea, Clitoria ternatea Mazu – Oak Galls Methi – Fenugreek Meya Saila – Liquid Storax, Liquidamber orientalis Misri – Crystallized Sugar Mitha Tilia Mudabbir – Aconitum ferox, detoxified Mitha Zahar – Aconitum napellus Mocharas, Mochras – Salmalia malabarica (syn. Bombax malabaricum) Mom – Bees Wax Mom Safaid – White Wax Mom Zard – Yellow Bees Wax Momai, Momyaee – Shilajit Moong – Mung bean, Phaseolus mungo Moth – Phaseolus acontifolius Moti – Pearl Moti Kharal Hiay Huay – levigated Pearl Mouz – Banana Mudabbar – purified or detoxified Mughilan – Gum Arabic, Acacia arabica Mughas – Wild Pomegranate, Litsea chinensis; Mulsari – i. Mimusops elengi; ii. Lasia aculeata Multani Mitti – Sealing Clay Mumiya – Shailjit Munaqqa – Raisins Mundi – Sphaeranthus indicus Muqil – Bdellium, Comiphora mukul Murad – Myrtus communis Murakabbat e Faulad – Iron compounds Mur Makki – Myrrh, Commiphora myrrha Murdur Sang – Litharge, Lead Monoxide Musali Safaid – White Musali, Chlorophora arundinaceum Musali Siyah – Black Musali, Curculigo orchioides Mus hilat e Borqiya – Alkaline purgatives Mushk – Musk Nabat Safaid – Refined Granular Sugar Nabeez – alcohol from grapes or dates Nagarmotliaj – Cyperus rotundus Nagkesar – Mesua ferrea Nakchikni – Centipeda minima Nakhud – i. Primula veris; ii. Cicer arietinum Namak – Salt Namak Hindi – Indian Salt Namak e Indrani – Rock Salt Namak e Sambhar – Salt from Sambhar Lake Namak e Sang – Rock Salt Namak e Shor – Saltpeter, Potassium Nitrate Namak e Siyah – Black Salt, Sanchal Salt Namak e Toam – Common Salt Namam – Hoary Basil, Ocimum canum Nana – Marsh Mint, Mentha arvensis Nankhwah – Bishops Weed i. Trachyspermum ammi, ii. Ptychotris ajowan Narangi – Mandarin, Citrus reticulata Nargis – Narcissus tazetta Narjeel – Coconut Narjeel Daryai – Sea Coconut, Lodoicea maldivica Narkachoor – Zingiber zerumbet Narmushk – Mesua ferrea Nashpati – Pear, Pyrus communis Naushadur – Sal Ammoniac, Ammonium chloride Neelkanthi – Indian Gentian, Gentiana kurroo Neem – Azadirachta indica Neem Garam Pani – Luke warm water Nilam – Sapphire Nilofar – Water Lily, Nymphaea alba Ninslik – Musk Nishasta – Starch Nishasta e Gandum – Wheat Starch Nishasta e Gangum – Wheat Starch Nuhas – Copper Nuhas Mohraq – burnt Copper Nuqra – Silver Ood e Balsan – Balsam Wood Ood Gharqi – Peony, Paeonia officinalis Ood Hindi – Aloeswood, Aquilaria agallocha Ood Salep – Peony, Paeonia officinalis Oont Katara – Globe Thistle, Echinops echinatus Pain – Water Palaspapra – Butea monosperma Pambadana – Cotton plant, Gossypium herbaceum Pan Desi – Betel nut, Piper betel Paneer Maya Shutur – Rennet of Camel Panna – Green Agate Panwar – i. Cleome icosandra; ii. Cassia tora Papeeta – Papaya, Carica papaya Papita Desi – Papaya, Carica papaya Papita Wilayati – Ignatius bean, Strychnos ignatii Para – Mercury Para Musaffa – Purified Mercury Pashanbheda – Indian Gentian, Gentiana kurroo Parsiaoshan – Maidenhair, Adiantum capillus-veneris Peeh e Buz – Goats Fat Peeli Matti – yellow clay Peepal Chab – Piper chaba Petha – white gourd melon, Benincasa hispida Phitakari – Alum Phitkari – Alum Phitkari Biryan – Roasted or Burnt Alum Pista – Pistachio nut, Pistacia vera Piyaz – Onion, Allium cepa Post – Fruit Rind, Bark Post Badam Sokhta – Almond shell burnt Post Bekh – Root Bark Post Anar – Pomegranate rind Post Babool – Acacia bark Post Bairun e Pista – Peel of Pistachio kernel Post Baiza e Murgh – Chicken Egg shell Post Bekh e Anar – Pomegranate root bark Post Bekh e Toot Siyah – Black Mulberry root bark Post Dhak – Butea frondosa Post Falsa – rind of Phalsa fruit, Grewia asciatica Post Gular – Cluster Fig, Ficus racemosa Post Halela – Chebula Post Kachnal – Bauhinia racemosa Post Kachnar – Bauhinia racemosa Post Kharpaza – Rind of Melon, Cucumis melo Post Khashkhash – Poppy fruit rind (capsule) Post Lemun – Lemon peel Post Molsari – Mimusops elengi Post Neem – Azadirachta indica bark Post Sangdana e Murgh – Chicken Gizzard Skin Post Turanj – Citron rind                           Pudina – Marsh Mint, Mentha arvensis Qahwa – Coffee Qalai – Tin Qalij – Tin Qand Safed – Impure Sugar Qaqilah Sagheer – Cardamon, Eletarria cardamomum Qaranfal – Clove, Syzygium aromaticum Qaran ul Aaiyal (Aiyyal) – Stag Horn Qarn ul Aaiyal (Aiyyal) – Stag Horn Qarn ul Aaiyal Sokhta – burnt Stag Horn Qashr – Bark of stem of root Qimbeel – Mallotus philippinensis Qinnab – Cannabis / Bhang Qirfa – Cassia, Cinnamomum cassia Qunturyoon – Centauria centaurium Qurtum – Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius Qust – Costus, Saussurea lappa Qust Sheerin – Costus, Saussurea lappa Raal – Resin Raal – White Dammar tree gum, Vateria indica Rai – Black Mustard, Brassica nigra Raihan – Holy Basil, Ocimum sanctum Rakh – Ash Rasakapoor – Calomel, Mercurous chloride Rasan – Inula racemosa root Rasaut – Indian Barberry extract, Berberis vulgaris Ratanjot – Onosma echioides Regmahi – Skink/Sand Lizard, Mabuya carinata Regmahi Samak e Safaida – a Sand Fish Rehan – Holy Basil, Ocinum sanctum Resha e Bargad – Banyan tree aerial root, Ficus bengalensis Resha e Khatmi – Marshmallow root Resha Post Nariyal Sokhta – Burnt Coconut fibres Ret – Sand Rewand – Rhubarb, Rheum officinale, R. palmatum Rewand Chini – Rhubarb, Rheum officinale, R. palmatum Roghan – Oil Roghan e Bedanjeer – Castor oil Roghan Erandij – Castor oil Roghan e Sanobar – Turpentine oil Roghan e Tarpeen – Turpentine oil Roghan e Unjad – Sesame oil Roghan e Zaitoon – Olive oil Roghan e Zard – Ghee Roskhtaj – Burnt Copper, Copper oxide Rub, Rubb – Extract Rub Anar Shirin – Sweet Pomegranate extract Rub Bihi – Quince extract, Cydonia vulgaris Rub Saib – Apple extract, Pyrus malus Rubb us Soos – Licorice juice extract Rupa Makkhi – Dross of Silver (ore scum) Saad Kufi – Cyperus rotundus Saboos e Gandum – Wheat husk Sabun – Soap Sabz – Fresh Sadaf – Pearl shell Sadaf Kalan – Pearl shell, large Sadaf Saida – Oyster shell Sadaf Sokhta – Burnt Pearl shell Sad Kufi – Cyperus rotundus Safaida – Zinc (or Tin?) oxide Safaid Arzeez – Tin oxide Safaidi Baiza – Egg White Safaid Kashghari – Zinc oxide Sahajana – Moringa oleifera Saida – Levigated Sajaz Hindi – Cassia wood, Cinnamomum cassia Sajji – washing soda, Dhobys Earth, impure carbonate Sajji Khar – washing soda, Dhobys Earth, impure carbonate Sakbeenaj – Sagapen, Ferula persica Salajeet – Shilajit Shora Qalmi – Saltpeter, Potassium nitrate Salajit – Shilajit Salab misri – Salep (Orchis), Orchis latifolia Saleb – Salep (Orchis), Orchis latifolia Saleekha – Cassia, Cinnamomum cassia Salikhah – Cassia, Cinnamomum cassia Samagh – Gum Samagh e Arabi – Gum Arabic, Acacia arabica Samagh e Dhak – Bengal Kino, Butea monosperma Samandar Jhag – Cuttlefish bone Samar – Fruit Samar e Babool Sokhta – Roasted Acacia fruit Samaudar Jhag – Cuttlefish bone Samandarphal – Indian Oak, i.  Barringtonia acutangula; ii. Rhus parviflora Sambhalu – Vitex negundo Samm ul Far – Arsenic, White Arsenic Oxide Sana – Senna, Cassia angustifolia Sana Makki – Mecca Senna, Cassia angustifolia Sandal Safaid – White Sandal, Santalum album Sandal Surkh – Red Sandal, Pterocarpus santalinus Sandroos – Sandrac; Trachelobium hornemanianum Sang – Stone Sang e Basri – Calamine Sang e Jarahat – Talc / Soapstone Sang e Sar e Mahi – Stone from a Fish Head    Sang e Surma – Calamine Sang e Yahuda – Lapis Judaicus Sangdana Murgh – Chicken Gizzard Sangtara – Orange tree, Citrus reticulata Sankh – Conch Sankhaholi – Dwarf Morning Glory; Evovulus alsinoides Sankhiya,  Sankliia – Arsenic Sankliia Zard – Yellow Arsenic Oxide Sanobar – Pine, Pinus longifolia Sapistan – Sebesten, Cordia dichotoma Saqmonia – Scammony, Convolvulus scammonia Saresham Mahi – Isinglass, Acipenser huso Sargeen – Marrow Sargeen e Gao – Cow Bone Marrow Sarkhas – Male fern, Dryopteris filix-mas Saroo – Cypress, Cupressus semperviens Sarphoka – Tephrosia purpurea Sarson – Mustard, Brassica campestris Sartan – Crab Sartan Behri Sokhta – Burnt Sea Crab Satar Farsi – Savory; i. Satureja hortensis; ii. Zataria multiflora Satawar – Asparagus, Asparagus racemosus Sat Liinum – Citric acid Satt e – Extract Sattu – Wheat / Barley roasted flour Sausan – Lily, Iris ensata Sazaj Hindi – Indian Cassia, Cinnamomum tamala Seb – Apple Seema – Mercury Seemab – Mercury Seer – Garlic, Allium sativum Sendur – Minium (sometimes used fior Vermillion) Sewti – White Rose, Rosa alba Shadnaj – Lentil-shaped stone, Nummulite Shagufa Yasmin – Jasmine buds Shahad – Honey Shahad Khalis – purified Honey Shahad Mahlool – diluted Honey Shaham – Fat Shailam – Ergot of Rye, Secale cereale Shahtara – Fumitory, Fumaria parviflora Shakar Safaid – White Sugar Shakar e Surkh – Red Sugar Shakar Teghal – Tegal Fly Cocoon, Hemiptera Shakh – Branch Shakh e Gauzan – Stags Horn Shakh i Mirjan Saida – Levigated Red Coral Shalgham – Turnip, Brassica rapa Shankh – Conch shell Shaqaqni i Misri – Asparagus adscendens Shaqaq ul Misri – Wild Parsnip, Pastinaca secacul Sharab – Alcohol Sharab e Angoori – Grape alcohol, Brandy Sharbat – Syrup of fruit or fruit juice Sharbat Ghura – syrup of raw grape fruit Shehed – Honey Sheer – Milk, Dairy (milk products) Sheer e Buz – Goat milk Sheer e Gao – Cow milk Sheer e Khisht – Manna, Fraxinus ornus Sheer e Madar – Latex of Milkweed, Calotropis procera Sheer e Mesh – Sheep milk Sheer e Zan – Woman’s milk Sheera – Paste / Emulsion Sheera e Habb ul Aas – Paste of Myrtle fruit Sheera e Tukhm e Khurfa Siyah – Black Purslane seed paste, Portulaca oleracea Sheera e Unnab – Paste of Jujubes Sheesham – Dalbergia sisoo Sheetraj – Plumbago zeylanica Sheetraj Hindi – Plumbago zeylanica Shibb e Yamani – Alum Shibb e Yamani Biryan – Burnt Alum Shibb e Yamani Sokhta – Burnt Alum Shibt – Dill, Anethum sowa Shingraft – Cinnabar Shoeneez, Shoeniz – Nigella sativa Shokran – Hemlock, Conium maculatum Shora – Saltpeter, Potassium nitrate Shora Qalmi – Saltpeter, Potassium nitrate Shqaq ul Misri – Wild Parsnip, Pastinaca secacul Sibr – Aloe, Aloe barbadensis Sifal e Chini – China Clay Sikanjabeen – Oxymel, Syrup of Vinegar of Honey Singhara – Trapa bispinosa Sirka – Vinegar Sirka Hindi (Kanjji) – vinegar made with herbs Sirka Naishakar – Sugarcane Vinegar Sisa – Lead Siyah Mirch – Black Pepper Sliamiri – Liquid Parrafin Sohaga – Borax Sohaga Biryan – Roasted Borax Sokhta – Burnt Sona – Gold Sona Makkhi – ore-scum or dross of Gold Sonth – Ginger Soya – Dill Sohanjana – Moringa oleifera Sosambar – Basil, Ocimum basilicum Sudab – Rue, Ruta graveolens Suhaga – Borax Sumaq – Sumac, Rhus coriaria Sumbul ut Teeb – Indian Spikenard, Nardostachys jatamansi Suranjan Sheerin – Sweet Colchicum, Colchicum luteum Surkh Mungay Ki Jar – Red Coral root Surma – Antimony (or Galena), Sulphide of Antimony or Lead Surma Siyah – Antimony (or Galena), Sulphide of Antimony or Lead Tabasheer – Tabasheer (Bamboo silica) Tabmiz – parching with a medium (with sand, ghee etc) Tadi – Palmyra exudate, Borassus flabellifera Tagar – Valeriana wallichii Taj – Cassia, Cinnamomum cassia Talispattar – i. Cinnamomum tamala (leaf?) ii. Flacourtia cataphracta Talkh – Bitter Talmakhana – i. Euryale ferox; ii. Asteracantha longifolia Tamar hindi – Tamarind, Tamarindus indica Tambaku – Tobacco, Nicotina tabacum Tambol – Betel leaf, Piper betle Tanba Sokhta – Burnt Copper, Copper oxide Tankar – Borax Tarasha – Sliced Tarbuz – Water Melon Tazah Phool – Fresh flower of … Teen e Rumi – Red Ochre, Red Earth Teewaj – Holarrhena antidysenterica Tezaab e Kibreet – Sulphuric acid Tezaab e Kibreet Mahlool – Sulphuric acid Tezaab e Namak – Hydrochloric acid Tezaab e Shora – Nitric acid Tezpat – Cinnamon leaf Thanda Paani – Cold water Thuhar – Euphorbia royleana, E. neriifolia Tila – Gold Tinkar – Borax Tobal Nuhas – Copper Sulphate Todri – see Tudri Toodri – see Tudri Toot Siyah – Black Mulberry, Morus indica Toot Tursh – Sour Mulberry, Morus indica Tudri – Wallflower, Cheiranthus cheiri, Mathiola incana Tudri Safaid – White “Wallflower” seed, Lepidium iberis Tudri Surkh – Red Wallflower seed, Cheiranthus cheiri, Mathiola incana Tudri Zard – Yellow Wallflower, Cheiranthus cheiri, Mathiola incana Tukhm – Seed Tukhm e Balango – Lallemantia royleana Tukhm e Bartang – Plantain seed, Plantago major Tukhm e Bathwa – White Goosefoot seed, Chenopodium album Tukhm e Hummaz Biryan – Roasted Sorrel seed, Rumex vesicarius Tukhm e Dhatura – Datura seed, Datura stramonium Tukhm e Faranjmushk – Sweet Basil seed, Sweet Basil seed Tukhm e Ispast – Clover seed, Trifolium alexandrium Tukhm e Jirjeer – Rocket seed, Eruca sativa Tukhm e Kadu – Musk Melon seed, Curcurbita moschata Tukhm e Kahu – Lettuce seed Tukhm e Kanocha – Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Tukhm e Kasni – Chicory seed, Chicorium intybus Tukhm e Kasoos – Dodder seed, Cuscuta reflexa Tukhm e Katan – Linseed Tukhm e Kharpaza – Melon seed, Cucumis melo Tukhm e Khashkhash – Poppy seed Tukhm e Khatmi – Marshmallow seed Tukhm e Khiyar – Cucumber seed Tukhm e Khiyarzah – Snake Cucumber seed Tukhm e Khubbazi – Mallow seed Tukhm e Khurfa – Purslane seed Tukhm e Maweez – Large Raisin seeds Tukhm e Palak – Spinach seed Tukhm e Rehan – Holy Basil seed roasted Tukhm e Qurtum – Safflower seed Tukhm e Tamar Hindi – Tamarind seed Tukhm e Tarbooz – Water Melon Tukhm e Turb – Radish seed Tumiri – Zedoary, Curcuma zedoaria Turanj – Citron, Citrus medica Turanjabeen – Caspian Manna, Alhagi pseudalhagi Turb – Radish, Raphanus sativus Turbud – Turpeth, Operculina turpethum Turmus – Lupin, Lupinus albus Tutiya – Blue Vitriol, Copper Sulphate Tutiya e Sabz – Green Vitriol, Iron Sulphate Unnab – Jujube Usara – Extract Usara Rewand – Gamboge, Garcinia cambodia Ushaq – Gum Ammoniacum, Dorema ammoniacum Ushba – Sarsaparilla, Smilax aristolochiaefolia Ushba Maghrabi – Sarsaparilla, Smilax aristolochiaefolia Ushna – Usnea, Lichen, Usnea longissima Ushq – Gum Ammoniacum, Dorema ammoniacum Usqurdiyun – Germander, Teucrinum chamaedrys Usrab – Lead Ustukhuddus – French Lavender, Lavandula stoechas Utangan – Blepharis edulis Utraj – Lemon, Citrus limon Waj e Turki – Calamus, Acorus calamus Ward – Rose Warn nuqra – Silver foil Warq i tilaj – Gold foil Yaqut / Yaqoot – Ruby Yaqut / Yaqoot Asfar – Yeelow Topaz Yaqut / Yaqoot Saida – Sapphire Yaqut / Yaqoot Surkh – Ruby / Red Topaz Yashab Sabz – Green Jasper / Green Agate / Green Chalcedony Yasman – Jasmine Yatooaat – Secretions Zafran – Saffron, Crocus sativus Zahab – Gold Zahar Mohra – Processed Serpentine ‘Mineral Bezoar’ Zahra e Gao – Cows Gall Bladder Zahra e Mahi – Fish Gall Bladder (Swim Bladder?) Zaitoon – Olive Zaj e Asfar – Green Vitriol, Iron sulphate Zamarrund – Emerald Zammarund Sab – Green Agate Zangar – Rust of Copper, Verdigris Zanjabeel, Zanjabil – Ginger Zanjabeel Khushk – dry Ginger Zarambad, Zaranbad – Zedoary, i. Zingiber zerumbet; ii. Curcuma zedoaria Zarareeh – Cantharides Zarawand Mudahraj – Round Birthwort, Aristolchia rotunda Zarawand Taweel – Long Birthwort, Aristolchia longa Zard – Topaz Zard Chob – Turmeric, Curcuma longa Zardi Baiza – Egg Yolk Zar e Ward – Rose anthers           Zarishk – Indian Barberry, Berberis vulgaris Zarnab – i. Cinnamomum tamala (leaf?); ii. Flacourtia cataphracta Zeera Safaid – Cumin, Cuminum cyminum Zeera Siyah – Caraway, Carum carvi Zehar Mohra – Bezoar Zift – Shilajit (mineral pitch) Zift Roomi – Shilajit (mineral pitch) Zirnikh – Orpiment Zirnikh e Qirmiz – Realgar Zirnikh e Zard – Orpiment Zirnish e Surkh – Realgar Zubud ul Bahr – Foam of the Sea Zufa – Hyssop, Hyssopus officinalis Zumurrud – Emerald