Eleutherococcus, Siberian Ginseng, Ci Wu Jia 刺五加

Russian Ginseng, Spiny Acanthopanax, Devil’s Shrub, Eleutherococcus Ginseng
Ci Wu Jia (TCM)
Picture Eleutherococcus senticosus
Komarov (Komorov), V.L., Flora of the U.S.S.R. (1934-1964)

Picture Eleutherococcus senticosus
(Photo by Salicyna) (Wikimedia)

Botanical name:


Eleutherococcus senticosus (syn. Acanthopanax senticosus, Hedera senticosa)
E. koreanum is used in Korea.

Acanthopanax gracilistylus Wu Jia Pi is similar. Eleutherococcus senticosus was previously classed as a variety of A. gracilistylus. Wu Jia Pi in TCM.

Parts used:


Root, Root-bark or Stem-bark

Temperature & Taste:


Warm, dry. Pungent, slightly Bitter

Classification:


N. Tonic

Uses:


1. Tonifies Spleen, Increases Qi:
-fatigue, lethargy
-poor appetite, digestive weakness
-Spleen deficiency from overthinking or worry
-Altitude Sickness
-enhances Immunity

2. Warms and Strengthens the Kidneys:
-weakness of the Lower back and Knees
-Osteoporosis
-Failure to Thrive in children, growth retardation
-Impotence, has been used as an aphrodisiac
-Diabetes (proven hypoglycemic effect)

3. Benefits the Heart and Brain, Calms the Spirit:
-Insomnia, dream-disturbed sleep, nervousness, restlessness
-Poor concentration, Confusion, mild depression, Fear
-enhances Memory
-Heart deficiency

4. Moves the Blood, Clears the Channels:
-Cold extremities from poor circulation
-Blood stasis with fixed pain
-Vasodilator and circulatory stimulant effect


Dose:


Decoction: 9–30 grams
Powder: 600mg–3 grams, up to 5 grams
Fluid Extract (1:1): 2–8 mls., up to 16 mls, 1–3 times daily

Comment:


This is closely related to Acanthopanax Wu Jia Pi, principally used in TCM for chronic joint disease and was formerly considered a variety of Acanthopanax Wu Jia Pi. Due to research in the past couple of decades, the adaptogenic properties have caused it to be separated and it is classed as a tonic in the modern Chinese Materia Medica. We have separated them by calling this Eleutherococcus to separate it from Acanthopanax Wu Jia Pi as these are the names typically used in modern Western sources and TCM sources respectively. However, they are both of the same genus.

Main Combinations:


1. Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease: Siberian Ginseng, Ginkgo leaf, Rosemary, Basil, Withania
2. Chronic Fatigue:
i. Siberian Ginseng with Astragalus Huang Qi
ii. Siberian Ginseng with Bupleurum Chai Hu, Paeonia Bai Shao, Licorice, Citrus Zhi Shi, Gardenia Zhi Zi
3. Failure to thrive in children, enhance growth, Siberian Ginseng, Astragalus Huang Qi, Phlomis umbrosa (see research below)
4. Altitude Sickness:
i. Siberian Ginseng with Rhodiola, Dang Gui
ii. Siberian Ginseng with Corydeceps
5. Hydrocephalus: Siberian Ginseng with St. John’s Wort, Peppermint, Birch buds, Bilberry leaf (equal parts) as a decoction. (From the Russian medical journal ‘Vrachebnoe Delo’, 1981)
6. Cold extremities, Siberian Ginseng with Cinnamon twig (Gui Zhi)
7. Osteoarthritis, Siberian Ginseng, Rehmannia Shu Di Huang, Notoginseng San Qi (see research below)
8. Lung Cancer: Siberian Ginseng, Astragalus Huang Qi, Ginseng, Cantharide (Ban Mao) (used in China as a State-Approved adjunct in Lung Cancer, used as an injection: see research below)
9. Colorectal Cancer, Siberian Ginseng, Astragalus Huang Qi, Ganoderma Ling Zhi
10. Prostate Cancer, Siberian Ginseng, Astragalus Huang Qi, Ganoderma Ling Zhi, Codonopsis Dang Shen, Atractylodes Bai Zhu, Psoralea Bu Gu Zi, Schisandra Wu Wei Zi, Licorice. (See research below)
11. Kidney / Adrenal deficiency:
i. Siberian Ginseng with Withania, Ginseng
ii. Siberian Ginseng with Mullein, Lobelia, Centella, Hawthorne berries, Cayenne, Ginger (Dr. Christopher’s Adrenal formula)
12. Prostatitis, Siberian Ginseng with Parsley root, Juniper berry, Marshmallow root, Bearberry, Queen of the Meadow, Golden Seal, Ginger
13. Impotence, Aphrodisiac:
i. Siberian Ginseng with Tribulus, Withania, Tilophora indica
ii.
Siberian Ginseng with Epimedium Yin Yang Huo (‘Horny Goat Weed’), Damiana, Withania, Maca

Major Formulas:



Cautions:


1. Caution in Heat diseases and Yin deficiency.
2. Commission E listed high blood pressure as a contraindication.

Drug Interactions::
1. Suggested to avoid using with stimulants including caffeine, and antipsychotic medication.
2. May increase serum digoxin levels.

Main Preparations used:




GENERAL / REVIEW
The Chemical Characterization of Eleutherococcus senticosus and Ci-wu-jia Tea Using UHPLC-UV-QTOF/MS

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
A Herbal Composition of Scutellaria baicalensis and Eleutherococcus senticosus Shows Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effects in an Ex Vivo Human Mucosal Tissue Model

ANTIOXIDANT:
The Antioxidant Activity and Their Major Antioxidant Compounds from Acanthopanax senticosus and A. koreanum

ADAPTOGEN:
Adaptogens Stimulate Neuropeptide Y and Hsp72 Expression and Release in Neuroglia Cells
Effects of Adaptogens on the Central Nervous System and the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Their Stress—Protective Activity

IMMUNOMODULATORY:
A review on the immunomodulatory activity of Acanthopanax senticosus and its active components
Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus Polysaccharide Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immunity, Blood Parameters and Expression of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Genes in Challenged Weaned Piglets

FATIGUE:
Effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus Cortex on Recovery from the Forced Swimming Test and Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in the Liver and Skeletal Muscle of mice
Anti-Fatigue Activity of Extracts of Stem Bark from Acanthopanax senticosus

ENHANCES MEMORY / COGNITION:
Memory Enhancement by Oral Administration of Extract of Eleutherococcus senticosus Leaves and Active Compounds Transferred in the Brain
Combined Treatment with Two Water Extracts of Eleutherococcus senticosus Leaf and Rhizome of Drynaria fortunei Enhances Cognitive Function: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind Study in Healthy Adults

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE:
Natural Medicines and Their Underlying Mechanisms of Prevention and Recovery from Amyloid Β-Induced Axonal Degeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease
Increases of iASPP-Keap1 interaction mediated by syringin enhance synaptic plasticity and rescue cognitive impairments via stabilizing Nrf2 in Alzheimer’s models
Potential Natural Products for Alzheimer’s Disease: Targeted Search Using the Internal Ribosome Entry Site of Tau and Amyloid-β Precursor Protein

ENHANCES BONE GROWTH:
Effect of HT042, Herbal Formula, on Longitudinal Bone Growth in Spontaneous Dwarf Rats
Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 Improves Bone Growth, Mass, and Microarchitecture in Prepubertal Female Rats: A Microcomputed Tomographic Study
Effects of Eleutherococcus Extract Mixture on Endochondral Bone Formation in Rats
OSTEOARTHRITIS:
Effects of AIF on Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: Double-blind, Randomized Placebo-controlled Study
Traditional Chinese medicine in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

OSTEOPOROSIS:
Preventive Effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus Bark Extract in OVX-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats

DIABETES:
Eleutheroside E, An Active Component of Eleutherococcus senticosus, Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice

ANTI-AGING:
Current Perspective in the Discovery of Anti-aging Agents from Natural Products

CANCER:
Anti-tumour effects of polysaccharide extracted from Acanthopanax senticosus and cell-mediated immunity
LUNG CANCER:
Can Aidi injection alleviate the toxicity and improve the clinical efficacy of radiotherapy in lung cancer?: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials following the PRISMA guidelines
Aidi Injection, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection, Could Be Used as an Adjuvant Drug to Improve Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Can Aidi injection restore cellular immunity and improve clinical efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy? A meta-analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials following the PRISMA guidelines
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Aidi Injection Plus Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy in Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 36 Randomized Controlled Trials
Has aidi injection the attenuation and synergistic efficacy to gemcitabine and cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer? A meta-analysis of 36 randomized controlled trials
Medicinal Plants and Other Living Organisms with Antitumor Potential against Lung Cancer
Astragalus-containing Chinese herbal combinations for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of 65 clinical trials enrolling 4751 patients
COLORECTAL CANCER:
Chinese Herbal Medicine and Fluorouracil-Based Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: A Quality-Adjusted Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
PROSTATE CANCER:
Prevention of Prostate Tumor Development by Stimulation of Antitumor Immunity Using a Standardized Herbal Extract (Deep Immune®) in TRAMP Mice