Cissus, Asthisamhara

Quadrangularis, Square Stalked Vine, Grape Leaf Vine
Asthisamhara, Vajravalli (Ayurveda)
Pirandai (Siddha)
Hadjoda (Unani)
Picture Cissus quadrangularis
(Kolkata Botanical Gardens, Adam, 2019)

Picture Cissus quadrangularis
Photo by SAplants

Botanical name:


Cissus quadrangularis (syn. Vitex quadrangularis)

Parts used:


Stem, Tuber

Temperature & Taste:


Warm, dry. Sweet, Pungent

Uses:


1. Strengthens the Bones and Joints:
-Fractures, Bone bone, Dislocations, Bone alignment problems (internally and topically)
-regarded in Ayurveda as the best medicine for Bone Fractures; verified with research
-also Arthritis, Lower Back pain and weakness

2. Strengthens the Spleen, Benefits Qi:
-Digestive stimulant
-Indigestion and Poor appetite with fatigue
-helps to reduce weight in the obese

3. Warms and Strengthens Kidney, Regulates Menstruation:
-aphrodisiac
-regulates Menstruation
-promotes Fertility
-Leukorrhea, Metrorrhagia

4. Kills Worms and Parasites:
-Parasites
-used for Malaria
-urinary schistosomiasis (Mali)

5. Benefits Eyesight:
-promotes and restores eyesight

6. Externally:
-applied to Wounds and sores
-paste is applied over Fractures and Dislocations (medicated oil or paste)
-topically to Hemorrhoids
-juice is dropped into the ear for Otorrhea
-juice is put into the nose for Nosebleeding


Dose:


Taken with Milk for Fracture (Traditional Ayurvedic texts)
Powder: 3–6 grams
Paste of the fresh herb: 10–20 grams
Juice: 10–20mls

Main Combinations:


1. Fractures:
i. Cissus Asthisamhara with Shilajit
ii. Cissus Asthisamhara with Lacca, Terminalia arjuna, Withania, Sida veronicaefolia (1 part each), Bdellium (Guggulu) (5 parts) (as in Laksa Guggulu)
2. To promote Fertility, Cissus Asthisamhara powder is mixed with the juice and taken as a paste after menstruation.
3. To promote Weight Loss:
i. Cissus Asthisamhara with Lacca
ii. Cissus Asthisamhara with Irvingia gabonensis (proven effective)

Major Formulas:


Laksa Guggulu


Cautions:


None noted

Toxicity


Studies showed low toxicity (see here)

Main Preparations used:



  • Extra Info
  • Research
LAST UPDATED 06/2019
1. ANTI-BACTERIAL:
–Antibacterial cysteine protease from Cissus quadrangularis
–Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Cissus quadrangularis
–In-vitro screening of cissus quadrangularis L. Variant ii against helicobacter pylori.
–In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants in the Traditional Treatment of Skin and Wound Infections in Eastern Ethiopia.

2. ANTI-VIRAL:
–Antiviral activity of ancient system of ayurvedic medicinal plant Cissus quadrangularis L. (Vitaceae).

3. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
–Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and venotonic effects of Cissus quadrangularis Linn.
–Potential anti-inflammatory effect of Cissus quadrangularis L. and Lepedium sativum L. along with their combination extracts.
–Evaluation of Cissus quadrangularis extracts as an inhibitor of COX, 5-LOX, and proinflammatory mediators.
–Anti-inflammatory effect of ethyl acetate extract from Cissus quadrangularis Linn may be involved with induction of heme oxygenase-1 and suppression of NF-κB activation.

4. ANTI-HISTAMINE:
–Anti histaminic activity of cissus quadragularis.

5. ANTI-OXIDANT:
–Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Cissus quadrangularis
–Antioxidant mediated ameliorative steroidogenesis by Commelina benghalensis L. and Cissus quadrangularis L. against quinalphos induced male reproductive toxicity.

6. ANALGESIC:
–Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and venotonic effects of Cissus quadrangularis Linn.
–Involvement of opioidergic and serotonergic systems in the analgesic activity of Cissus quadrangularis L. stem extract in mice.
–CNS activity of aqueous extract of root of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (Vitaceae).

7. ANTI-CONVULSANT:
–CNS activity of aqueous extract of root of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (Vitaceae).

8. SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXANT:
–CNS activity of aqueous extract of root of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (Vitaceae).

9. ESTROGENIC:
–Estrogenic activity of friedelin rich fraction (IND-HE) separated from Cissus quadrangularis and its effect on female sexual function.

10. ANABOLIC EFFECT:
–Ketosteroid Standardized Cissus quadrangularis L. Extract and its Anabolic Activity: Time to Look Beyond Ketosteroid?

11. GASTROPROTECTIVE:
–Gastroprotective effect of Cissus quadrangularis extract in rats with experimentally induced ulcer.

12. ANTI-ULCER:
–Cissus quadrangularis L. extract attenuates chronic ulcer by possible involvement of polyamines and proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
–Effect of Cissus quadrangularis on gastric mucosal defensive factors in experimentally induced gastric ulcer-a comparative study with sucralfate.
–Gastroprotective action of Cissus quadrangularis extract against NSAID induced gastric ulcer: role of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative damage.
–Attenuation of neutrophil infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines by Cissus quadrangularis: a possible prevention against gastric ulcerogenesis.
–In-vitro screening of cissus quadrangularis L. Variant ii against helicobacter pylori.

13. HEPATOPROTECTIVE:
–Hepatoprotective Effect of Cissus quadrangularis Stem Extract Against Rifampicin-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats.
–Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Cissus quadrangularis stem extract against isoniazid-induced liver damage in rats.

14. FRACTURE / BONE HEALING:
–Clinical evaluation of Cissus quadrangularis as osteogenic agent in maxillofacial fracture: A pilot study.
–Petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis (LINN) stimulates the growth of fetal bone during intra uterine developmental period: a morphometric analysis.
–Ethanol Extract of Cissus quadrangularis Enhances Osteoblast Differentiation and Mineralization of Murine Pre-Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells.
–Effects of Cissus quadrangularis on the proliferation, differentiation and matrix mineralization of human osteoblast like SaOS-2 cells.
–Cissus quadrangularis in healing of fractures. A clinical study.
–Herbal remedies for mandibular fracture healing.
–FURTHER STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS IN ACCELERATING FRACTURE HEALING.
–Studies of Cissus quadrangularis in experimental fracture repair : a histopathological study.
–BIOMECHANICAL AND CALCIUM-45 STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS IN FRACTURE REPAIR.
–Experimental studies of the use of ‘cissus quadrangularis’ in healing of fractures. II.
–EFFECT OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS ON THE HEALING OF CORTISONE TREATED FRACTURES.
–Studies on Cissus quadrangularis in experimental fracture repair: effect on chemical parameters in blood.
 15. INHIBITION OF BONE LOSS:
–Inhibition of Bone Loss by Cissus quadrangularis in Mice: A Preliminary Report.

16. OSTEOPOROSIS:
–Effect of Majja Basti (therapeutic enema) and Asthi Shrinkhala (Cissus quadrangularis) in the management of Osteoporosis (Asthi-Majjakshaya).
–Antiosteoporotic effect of ethanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. on ovariectomized rat.
–Anti-osteoporotic activity of the petroleum ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. in ovariectomized Wistar rats.
–Antiosteoporotic activity of phytoestrogen-rich fraction separated from ethanol extract of aerial parts of Cissus quadrangularis in ovariectomized rats.
–Evidence-based assessment of antiosteoporotic activity of petroleum-ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.
–Anti-osteoporotic constituents from Indian medicinal plants.

17. JOINT PAIN:
–Cissus quadrangularis reduces joint pain in exercise-trained men: a pilot study.

18. ARTHRITIS:
–Cissus quadrangularis attenuates the adjuvant induced arthritis by down regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and inhibiting angiogenesis.
–Antiarthritic and chondroprotective activity of Lakshadi Guggul in novel alginate-enclosed chitosan calcium phosphate nanocarriers.

19. DIABETES / HYPERGLYCEMIA:
–Cissus quadrangularis extract attenuates hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
–Ethyl acetate fraction of Cissus quadrangularis stem ameliorates hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress and suppresses inflammatory response in nicotinamide/streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats.
–The regulatory effects of Cissus quadrangularis on some enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

20. DIABETES INDUCED DELAYED OSSIFICATION:
–Protective effect of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. on diabetes induced delayed fetal skeletal ossification.

21. ANXIETY:
–Anxiolytic and Antiepileptic Properties of the Aqueous Extract of Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) in Mice Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy.

22. OBESITY/WEIGHT LOSS:
–The use of a Cissus quadrangularis/Irvingia gabonensis combination in the management of weight loss: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.
–The Use of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) in the Management of Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Participants.
–The use of a Cissus quadrangularis formulation in the management of weight loss and metabolic syndrome.
–The effect of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) and a Cissus formulation (CORE) on obesity and obesity-induced oxidative stress.
–Metabolic syndrome: a proprietary extract of Cissus quadrangularis formulation in the management of metabolic syndrome, weight loss, and central obesity.
–A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of obesity.

23. ANTHELMINTIC / ANTI-PARASITIC:
–In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Crude Extracts of Aerial Parts of Cissus quadrangularis L. and Leaves of Schinus molle L. against Haemonchus contortus.
–Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used for the treatment of schistosomiasis in Niono District, Mali.

24. ANTI-CANCER:
–Induction of apoptosis in A431 skin cancer cells by Cissus quadrangularis Linn stem extract by altering Bax-Bcl-2 ratio, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and PARP cleavage.

25. WOUND HEALING:
–Wound Healing Properties of Selected Plants Used in Ethnoveterinary Medicine.
–In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants in the Traditional Treatment of Skin and Wound Infections in Eastern Ethiopia.