Azadirachta, Neem, Nimba

Margosa tree
Nimba, Nimbaka, Arishta (Ayurveda)
Neem, Aazaad-Darakht-e-Hindi (Unani)
Vemmu, Vembu, Veppan (Siddha)
Nim Pa  ནིམ་པ  (Tibetan)
Picture Picture
Picture ‘Azeadarach’, Ortus sanitatis
Cube, Johann von, 1501

Picture Lobel, M. de, Plantarum seu stirpium icones,
vol. 2 (1581)

Picture Prodromi fasciculi rariorum plantarum,
Breyne (1739)

Picture (Photo by Jimmy tikhak) (Wikimedia)

Botanical name:


Azadirachta indica (syn. Melia azadirachta)
M. toosenden and M. azedarach are regarded as different by Bensky who lists the latter as an adulterant while theplantlist.org lists it as a synonym. We have given them separate entries but they may in fact be medicinally equivalent. See Melia toosenden

Parts used:


Leaf, Bark, Seed oil, Fruit (less commonly); all parts of the plant are used in Folk Medicine

Temperature & Taste:


Cool, dry. Bitter
Warm according to some

Classifications:


2F. PURIFYING
3Q. ANTHELMINTIC
TCM:
S. WORMS & PARASITES

Uses:


1. Clears Heat and Poison (Bark; Ayurveda; Tibetan, Unani):
-High Fever; Chronic Fever; Malarial Fever; Dengue Fever; Postpartum Fever (usually bark)
-Measles, Small Pox (leaf, bark)
-Poisoning
-Boils, Abscesses
-Malignant Ulcers; Internal Tumors; Glandular Swellings
-Hot-phlegm Cough; fruit has also been given in Bronchitis

2. Clears Heat from the Blood (Leaf; Ayurveda, Unani, Tibetan):
-skin conditions from excess Bile and Blood Heat
-Skin diseases, Eczema, Psoriasis, Erysipelas, Leprosy; Burning Sensations
-Inflammatory conditions of the Uterus
-regarded as an excellent Blood purifier in Ayurveda, Unani, and Tibetan Medicine

3. Clears Stomach Heat:
-Hyperacidity, Stomach Ulcers (Leaf)
-Thirst (Tibet)
-Colitis, Crohn’s Disease

4. Clears Damp-Heat, Promotes Urine:
-Urinary discharges
-Edema, Ascites
-Neem oil has been found beneficial in Diabetic patients (relieved itching, indigestion, tiredness, increased wound healing)

5. Kills Worms:
-Worms; Ascaris, Helminthiasis (leaf, bark, fruit)

6. Anti-Fertility:
-Neem oil has been showed to have anti-fertility effects on males and females; it is spermicidal.

7. Externally:
-all fungal and bacterial skin diseases (oil topically)
-inflammations of the mouth and throat; Toothache (leaf infusion as a wash)
-the fresh twigs are chewed and used to cleanse the teeth and gums; used in Toothpastes
-leaf juice or strong infusion as an eyewash for red, sore, inflamed eyes, Conjunctivitis; also Night-blindness
-Oil is used topically for Ulcers
-Paste or Oil is applied to Ringworm, Skin disease, Ulcers and Leprosy
-in compound oils for rheumatism, arthritis, hemiplegia, paralysis
-Fissures, Fistulas and Hemorrhoids

-the oil is used intra-vaginally as a contraceptive
-strong wash or the oil is used to kill Lice
-Mosquito repellent (oil, 5% dilution)
-used in soaps and shampoos
-used as an insecticide in home and garden


Dose:


Powder of the Bark: 500mg–4 grams; Decoction of the Bark: 3–9 grams; Tincture of the Bark (1:3, 25% alcohol): 3–15mls;
Powder of the Leaf: 500mg–2 grams; Leaf Juice: 10–20mls.;
Powder of the Seed: 200–500mg
Oil: 5–10 drops

Correctives:


1. Aniseed (Unani)
2. In India, it is common to correct the coldness of Neem with Ginger or Pepper

Main Combinations:


Commonly prescribed with Picrorhiza

1. Skin diseases:
i. Neem is often combined with Madder (Ayurveda)
ii. Neem, Bacopa
iii. Neem, Centella, Swertia
iv, Neem, Madder, Psoralea, Licorice
v. Neem, Madder, Turmeric, Picrorhiza
vi. Neem, Cassia Fistula, Picrorhiza, Madder
vii. Neem, Sandalwood, Hemidesmus
viii. Neem, Psoralea, Picrorhiza
ix. Neem, Barberry, Eclipta
x. Neem, Chrysanthemum, Rose, Madder
xi. from Wind-Phlegm, Neem, Turmeric, Licorice
xii. Neem with Phyllanthus amarus, Psoralea, Madder
xiii. Neem, Madder, Sandalwood, Rose, Licorice
xiv. Inflammatory skin conditions, Neem, with Turmeric, Gotu Kola, Madder, Tinospora, Rose
2. Acne, Neem, Bdellium, Tinospora, Turmeric, Triphala
8.. Blood Heat, Neem, Andrographis, Madder, Barberry, Rose
4. Inflammation from Damp-Heat (Phlegm-Bile), Neem with Turmeric and Tinospora
5. As a blood purifier in Scabies, Abscess and Syphilis, Neem with Fumitory, White Sandalwood and China root (Unani)
6. Syphilis:
i. crushed leaf is besten with polished rice and applied to Syphilis (India)
ii. bark powder is taken with sugar candy for Syphilis (India)
iii. Neem with Fumitory, White Sandalwood and China root
7. Fever:
i. from mixed Humors, Neem, Coriander seed, Sandalwood
ii. from Damp-Heat (Phlegm-Bile), Neem, with Basil, Pepper
8. Malaria: leaves of Neem, Morinda lucida, Alstonia boonei and Mango
9. Hepatitis, Liver inflammation from excess Bile (Pitta):
i. Neem, Picrorhiza, Tinospora
ii. Neem, Picrorhiza, Phyllanthus amarus, Long Pepper
iii. Neem, Eclipta, Madder, Picrorhiza, Long Pepper
10. Liver congestion with Heat, Neem, Tinospora, Barberry
11. Intestinal Inflammations, Neem with Picrorhiza, Licorice, Shatavari, Chebulic and Emblic Myrobalans
12. Lung Heat Cough, Bronchitis:
i. Neem, Licorice, Adhatoda
ii. Neem, Licorice, Asparagus root
13. Diabetes:
i. Neem with Fenugreek, Gymnema, Turmeric
ii. Neem, Gymnema, Bdellium, Bitter Melon, Turmeric, Shilajit
iii. Neem with Gymnema, Turmeric, Shilajit
14. Daibetic Foot, Neem, St. John’s wort
15. Mouth inflammations, Ulcers, Neem with Myrrh topically
14. Intermittent Fever, Neem with Black Pepper
17. Worms and Parasites:
i. Neem with Andrographis and Pumpkin seed
ii. Neem with Bitter Melon, Garlic
18. Infections, Neem with Picrorhiza and Andrographis
19. As a wash for Fungal infections, Neem with Mugwort as a wash
20. Hemorrhoids, Neem, Tinospora, Aloe, Triphala
21. Topically for Heat and Inflammation, Neem with Turmeric as a wash
22. Topically for Lice, Neem Oil, Coconut oil (equal parts), with essential oils of Rosemary, Lavender, Tea Tree added
23. Tinea: topical application of Neem, Turmeric and Cassia tora seed (this has been studied)

Major Formulas:


Arsoghni Vati (Hemorrhoid Pills) (Ayurveda)
Nimbadi Churna (Neem Powder) (Ayurveda)
Notopterygium 29 Pills (Spru nag nyer dgu) (Tibetan)

Cautions:


1. Wind constitution or Yin deficiency (very bitter and drying)
2. Not used in Cold symptoms.
3. Wasting, deficiency or weakness
4. Pregnancy or those wanting to become pregnant
5. Allergic contact stomatitis caused by neem leaves (Azadirachta indica).
6. Haemolytic anaemia after ingestion of Neem (Azadirachta indica) tea.

Toxicity:


Azadirachta indica A. Juss. In Vivo Toxicity-An Updated Review
Toxicological evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil: acute and subacute toxicity.
A 90-day subchronic toxicity study of neem oil, a Azadirachta indica oil, in mice.
Toxicity profile of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica stem bark in male Wistar rats.
Cytogenetic toxicity of neem.

Main Preparations used:


Oil
  • Extra Info
  • History
  • Research


This tree, in Sanskrit Nimba, is a native of India, and is cultivated in all parts of the country on account of its medicinal properties. The leaves, bark and other products of the Nim have been articles of the Hindu Materia Medica from a very remote period, and are mentioned in the Ayurvedas of Susruta. The bark is considered to be bitter, tonic, and astringent. The leaves are added to poultices to disperse glandular tumours, and are used generally as a discutient; beaten into a pulp they are applied to pustular eruptions, more especially to the eruption of small-pox; their juice is anthelmintic, and is given in a variety of diseases, such as jaundice, purigo, boils, &c. Chakradatta recommends a poultice of the leaves mixed with Sesamum seeds for unhealthy ulcerations. The fruit is described as purgative, emollient, and anthelmintic. The oil of the seeds is applied to suppurating scrofulous glands, is given in leprosy, and a variety of diseases. The gum is said to have stimulant properties. The young trees tapped yield a saccharine juice, which when fermented is used as a stomachic ; several observers have noticed that in certain years this juice appears to flow with unusual abundance. The air waved with a Nim branch is supposed to be a cure for syphilis, hence the Hindustani saying— “Khuda kare nim ki tahni hath men ho.” “May God place a nim branch in his hand.” Anglice,—”A pox take him.” The insane are passed through a cleft of the tree or a stem which having parted and reunited forms a circular opening. This useful tree naturally attracted the attention of the Mahometans upon their arrival in the country, and they named it Azaddarakht-i-Hindi, from its resemblance to the Melia Azedarach or Persian lilac.
The author of the Makhzan-el-Adwiya is careful to point out that the Indian Nim is not found in Persia. He describes the Nim and Azadarakht separately, giving Bakayan as the Indian name for the latter. The quotation from the Makhzan in the Bengal Dispensatory appears to be incorrect, as I can find no such statement under the articles Nim or Azaddarakht. The Mahometans use the different products of the Nim in the same manner as the Hindus, and like them consider it to be cold and dry.

Amongst European physicians, Dr. White, of Bombay, has recommended the bark as a febrifuge; others have spoken favourably of the leaves as a local application to ulcers and certain obstinate skin diseases. Dr. Hove (1787) thus speaks of the Nim tree:— “The Gentoos here worship this tree, and their barren women invoke and perform the same ceremonies round it every morning as they usually do in the other Pergunnahs about the Ficus religiosa. The leaves are of a powerful bitter, and they use a strong decoction with great success in intermittents, and which I usually drank for my liver complaint and found myself much relieved by it.” He also notices the use of the gum by lying-in women.— (Hove, account of Mitampoor.) From recent experience detailed in the Pharmacopoeia of India, it would appear that the opinion of the natives of India regarding the medicinal properties of the different parts of this tree is substantially correct. The bark is now official in the above-mentioned Pharmacopoeia.’ (
Vegetable Materia Medica of Western India, Dymock, 1885)
Last updated 01/24

GENERAL / REVIEW:
A comprehensive review of phytochemical profile, bioactives for pharmaceuticals, and pharmacological attributes of Azadirachta indica.
Medicinal properties of neem leaves: a review.
NEEM: UNUSUALLY VERSATILE PLANT GENUS AZADIRACHTA WITH MANY USEFUL AND SO FAR INSUFFICIENTLY EXPLOITED PROPERTIES FOR AGRICULTURE, MEDICINE, AND INDUSTRY.
Neem–an omnipotent plant: a retrospection.
Review on pharmacological and toxicologyical effects of oleum azadirachti oil.
Importance of Neem Leaf: An insight into its role in combating diseases.
Neem (Azadirachta indica): prehistory to contemporary medicinal uses to humankind.
Therapeutics Role of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Their Active Constituents in Diseases Prevention and Treatment
Pharmacognostic Profiles of Azadirachta indica A.Juss.Leaves

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
Multi-constituent synergism is responsible for anti-inflammatory effect of Azadirachta indica leaf extract.
Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of azadirachtin in mice.
Anti – inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of the root, bark and leaves of azadirachta indica.

ANTIBACTERIAL:
[Limonoids from seeds of Azadirachta indica and their antibacterial activity].
Extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf exhibits bactericidal effect against multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria of poultry.
Antimicrobial efficacy of endodontic irrigants from Azadirachta indica: An in vitro study.
Antibacterial and antiviral evaluation of sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride: a glycolipid isolated from Azadirachta indica leaves.
Antimicrobial and anticancer potential of low molecular weight polypeptides extracted and characterized from leaves of Azadirachta indica.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Extract against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study.
In vitro antibacterial activity of nimbolide against Helicobacter pylori.
Antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) and Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) extracts against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria.
Antimicrobial activities of skincare preparations from plant extracts.
Antibacterial activity of neem nanoemulsion and its toxicity assessment on human lymphocytes in vitro.
Isolation and identification of the antibacterial active compound from petroleum ether extract of neem oil.
Anti dermatophytic activity of Azardirachta indica (neem) by invitro study.
Antibacterial, antisecretory and antihemorrhagic activity of Azadirachta indica used to treat cholera and diarrhea in India.
Efficacy of Azadirachta indica organic extracts against clinical methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates.
Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Effects of Moringa oleifera (Moringa) and Azadirachta indica (Neem) Methanolic Extracts against Strains of Enterococcus faecalis.
Development and evaluation of novel topical gel of neem extract for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Anti – inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of the root, bark and leaves of azadirachta indica.

ANTI-FUNGAL:
Effect of neem (Azardirachta indica A. Juss) seeds and leaves extract on some plant pathogenic fungi.

ANTI-VIRAL:
Antibacterial and antiviral evaluation of sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride: a glycolipid isolated from Azadirachta indica leaves.
Antiviral activity and mode of action of extracts from neem seed kernel against duck plague virus in vitro1.
Evaluation of antiviral activity of plant extracts against foot and mouth disease virus in vitro.
In vitro antiviral activity of neem (Azardirachta indica L.) bark extract against herpes simplex virus type-1 infection.

COVID:
Azadirachta indica A. Juss bark extract and its Nimbin isomers restrict β-coronaviral infection and replication.
Neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Capsules for Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Infection: A Pilot, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.

DENGUE FEVER:
Anti-dengue infectivity evaluation of bioflavonoid from Azadirachta indica by dengue virus serine protease inhibition.
In silico evaluation of inhibitory potential of triterpenoids from Azadirachta indica against therapeutic target of dengue virus, NS2B-NS3 protease.

MALARIA:
Antimalarial Activities of a Therapeutic Combination of Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica and Morinda lucida Leaves: A Molecular View of its Activity on Plasmodium falciparum Proteins.
Larvicidal effects of a neem (Azadirachta indica) oil formulation on the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.
Antiplasmodial triterpenoids from the fruits of neem, Azadirachta indica.
Fractions of an antimalarial neem-leaf extract have activities superior to chloroquine, and are gametocytocidal.
Azadirachta indica ethanolic extract protects neurons from apoptosis and mitigates brain swelling in experimental cerebral malaria.
Evaluation of the antimalarial properties and standardization of tablets of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) in mice.

POLIO:
The in vitro antiviral property of Azadirachta indica polysaccharides for poliovirus.

CARDIOPROTECTIVE:
Cardioprotective effect of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. on isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in rats.

HEART DISEASE:
A study of cardiovascular effects of Azadirachta indica (neem) on isolated perfused heart preparations.

NEUROPROTECTIVE:
Anti‑oxidative and anti‑apoptotic neuroprotective effects of Azadirachta indica in Parkinson‑induced functional damage.
Neuroprotective effect of Azadirachta indica on cerebral post-ischemic reperfusion and hypoperfusion in rats.

NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS:
Potential benefits of phytochemicals from Azadirachta indica against neurological disorders.

ANXIOLYTIC / ANTI-DEPRESSANT
An extract of neem leaves reduces anxiety without causing motor side effects in an experimental model.
Anxiolytic and antidepressant activity of different methanolic extracts of Melia azedarach Linn.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE:
Effect of Azadirachta indica on paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in albino rats.
Possible mechanism of hepatoprotective activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract: part II.
Azadirachta indica mitigates DMBA-induced hepatotoxicity: a biochemical and radiometric study.
Hepatoprotective activity of the neem-based constituent azadirachtin-A in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated Wistar rats.

GASTROPROTECTIVE:
Gastroprotective effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) bark extract: possible involvement of H(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibition and scavenging of hydroxyl radical.
Ethanolic neem leaf extract protects against N-methyl -N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats.

GASTRIC HYPERACIDITY, GASTRIC ULCERS:
The use of neem for controlling gastric hyperacidity and ulcer.
Cytoprotective and Anti-secretory Effects of Azadiradione Isolated from the Seeds of Azadirachta indica (neem) on Gastric Ulcers in Rat Models.
Clinical studies on the effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) bark extract on gastric secretion and gastroduodenal ulcer.
Effects of Azadirachta indica extract on gastric ulceration and acid secretion in rats.
Effect of Bacopa monniera and Azadirachta indica on gastric ulceration and healing in experimental NIDDM rats.

DERMATITIS:
Cassia alata, Coriandrum sativum, Curcuma longa and Azadirachta indica: Food Ingredients as Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Atopic Dermatitis-A Comprehensive Review.

DERMATOLOGICAL DISEASES:
An Insight into the Dermatological Applications of Neem: A Review on Traditional and Modern Aspect.

DIABETES:
Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) against diabetes mellitus: a critical review on its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology.
Gedunin and Azadiradione: Human Pancreatic Alpha-Amylase Inhibiting Limonoids from Neem (Azadirachta indica) as Anti-Diabetic Agents.
Lowering of blood sugar by water extract of Azadirachta indica and Abroma augusta in diabetes rats.
Clinical investigation of hypoglycemic effect of seeds of Azadirachta-inidca in type-2 (NIDDM) diabetes mellitus.
Ameliorative effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica on renal histologic alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Azadirachta indica inhibits key enzyme linked to type 2 diabetes in vitro, abates oxidative hepatic injury and enhances muscle glucose uptake ex vivo.
Protective role of extracts of neem seeds in diabetes caused by streptozotocin in rats.
Screening and design of anti-diabetic compounds sourced from the leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica).
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY:
Reversal of diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats using traditional Indian anti-diabetic plant,Azadirachta indica (L.).

DIABETIC FOOT:
The use of an extract of Hypericum perforatum and Azadirachta indica in advanced diabetic foot: an unexpected outcome.
The use of an extract of Hypericum perforatum and Azadirachta indica in a neuropathic patient with advanced diabetic foot.

ESTROGENIC:
Pharmacological studies on Melia azadirachta [N. O. Meliaceae]. II. Estrogenic and antipyretic activity of neem oil & its fractions.

CONTRACEPTIVE / ANTIFERTILITY:
Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) as a contraceptive: An evidence-based review on its pharmacological efficiency.
Natural products in regulation of male fertility.
Spermicidal activity of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract.
Leaf and Fruit Methanolic Extracts of Azadirachta indica Exhibit Antifertility Activity on Rats’ Sperm Quality and Testicular Histology.
Antifertility Efficacy of Neem Bark (Azadirachta indica A.juss.) in Male Rats.
Spermicidal activity in vitro of bark extract of azadirachta indica in rats.

ANTI-CANCER:
Neem components as potential agents for cancer prevention and treatment
The anti-cancer properties of neem (Azadirachta indica) through its antioxidant activity in the liver: its pharmaceutics and toxic dosage forms. A literature review.
Potential of neem (Azadirachta indica L.) for prevention and treatment of oncologic diseases.
Anticancer biology of Azadirachta indica L (neem): a mini review.
Limonoids and tricyclic diterpenoids from Azadirachta indica and their antitumor activities
Neem Leaf Glycoprotein in immunoregulation of cancer.
P-gp modulating effect of Azadirachta indica extract in multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines.
Cytotoxic triterpenoids from Azadirachta indica.
[Limonoids from seeds of Azadirachta indica and their cytotoxic activity].
Anticancer properties of nimbolide and pharmacokinetic considerations to accelerate its development.
Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activities of limonoids from the seeds of Azadirachta indica (neem).
Antimicrobial and anticancer potential of low molecular weight polypeptides extracted and characterized from leaves of Azadirachta indica.
Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) extract specifically suppresses the growth of tumors in H22-bearing Kunming mice.
In vitro comparative cytotoxic effect of Nimbolide: A limonoid from Azadirachta indica (Neem tree) on cancer cell lines and normal cell lines through MTT assay.
Antiproliferative effect on human cancer cell lines after treatment with nimbolide extracted from an edible part of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).
BREAST:
Ethanolic Extracts from Azadirachta indica Leaves Modulate Transcriptional Levels of Hormone Receptor Variant in Breast Cancer Cell Lines.
Neem leaf preparation enhances Th1 type immune response and anti-tumor immunity against breast tumor associated antigen.
Neem leaf extract inhibits mammary carcinogenesis by altering cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.
The anticancer effect of ‘-‘-dehydrosalannol on triple-negative breast cancer cells.
CHORIOCARCINOMA:
Nimbolide a limonoid from Azadirachta indica inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells.
COLON:
Inhibition of colon cancer (HT-29) cell proliferation by a triterpenoid isolated from Azadirachta indica is accompanied by cell cycle arrest and up-regulation of p21.
EHRLICH CARCINOMA:
Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf preparation induces prophylactic growth inhibition of murine Ehrlich carcinoma in Swiss and C57BL/6 mice by activation of NK cells and NK-T cells.
GASTRIC:
Anti-Cancer Activity of Gedunin by Induction of Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cells.
GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER:
An Overview on the Anticancer Activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem) in Gynecological Cancers.
The neem limonoids azadirachtin and nimbolide induce cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells.
Methanolic neem (Azadirachta indica) stem bark extract induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibits the migration of cervical cancer cells in vitro.
A study on antioxidant and apoptotic effect of Azadirachta Indica (neem) in cases of cervical cancer.
HEAD & NECK:
Epoxyazadiradione exhibit activities in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by targeting multiple pathways.
LIVER:
Azadirachta indica exhibits chemopreventive action against hepatic cancer: Studies on associated histopathological and ultrastructural changes.
Terpenoids from Azadirachta indica are potent inhibitors of Akt: Validation of the anticancer potentials in hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats.
In vitro and in vivo study: Ethanolic extract leaves of Azadirachta indica Juss. variant of Indonesia and Philippines suppresses tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 signaling.
LUNG
Identifying druggable targets from active constituents of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. for non-small cell lung cancer using network pharmacology and validation through molecular docking.
MELANOMA:
Neem leaf glycoprotein is superior than cisplatin and sunitinib malate in restricting melanoma growth by normalization of tumor microenvironment.
ORAL:
A review of the anticancer activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem) in oral cancer.
PROSTATE:
Anticancer effects of ethanolic neem leaf extract on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3).
Preclinical evaluation of the supercritical extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaves in vitro and in vivo on inhibition of prostate cancer tumor growth.
Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway in PC-3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells by ethanolic neem leaf extract.

PROTECTS FROM CHEMOTHERAPY TOXICITY:
Protective effect of Azadirachta indica a. Juss against doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in tumour bearing mice.
Azadirachta indica attenuates cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats.
The potential role of Azadirachta indica treatment on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in female rats.

PROTECTS FROM CIGARETTE-INDUCED DAMAGE:
Protective effects of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) leaf extract against cigarette smoke- and lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation.

ANTHELMINTIC:
Anthelmintic activity of Azadirachta indica A. Juss against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes.
Antifilarial effects of polyphenol rich ethanolic extract from the leaves of Azadirachta indica through molecular and biochemical approaches describing reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated apoptosis of Setaria cervi.
In vivo anthelmintic activity of Azadirachta indica A. Juss seeds against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep.

HEAD LICE:
Efficacy of a single treatment of head lice with a neem seed extract: an in vivo and in vitro study on nits and motile stages.

ANTITRYPANOSOMAL:
New antitrypanosomal tetranotriterpenoids from Azadirachta indica.
Trypanocidal potentials of Azadirachta indica seeds against Trypanosoma evansi.
Toxicity and potential anti-trypanosomal activity of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (Maliacea) stem bark: an in vivo and in vitro approach using Trypanosoma brucei.

INSECTICIDE:
Neem (Azadirachta indica): towards the ideal insecticide?
Safety evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica) derived pesticides.
Analysis of insecticidal Azadirachta indica A. Juss. fractions.
Acaricidal activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Azadirachta indica against house dust mites.
In vitro acaricidal activity of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extracts with known azadirachtin concentrations against Rhipicephalus microplus.
Acaricidal activity of petroleum ether extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil and its four fractions separated by column chromatography against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae in vitro.
Insecticidal capacity of polyphenolic seed compounds from neem (Azadirachta indica) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) larvae.
GC-based analysis of insecticidal constituents of the flowers of Azadirachta indica A. Juss.