Armenian Earth, Red Earth, Chi Shi Zhi 赤石脂Bole Armeniac, Armenian BoleBura Armani (Unani) Chi Shi Zhi (TCM, related Earth) Gairika is Red Ochre, used in Ayurveda. The Earthy–Clay variety is basically the same |
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Hortus sanitatis, 1491
Red Earth (Adam, 2016)
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Mineralogical name:
Hydrated Aluminium Silicate with small amounts of iron oxide.
Two main types can be recognised:
1. Kaolinitum rubrum;
2. Halloysitum rubrum;
Parts used:
Cleansed red clay-earth
Red Earth from a number of Sources was traditionally used.
Temperature & Taste:
Cool, dry. Sweet, Sour.
Red Earth has been classed as Neutral by some Unani texts; Red Halloysite is classed as Warm in TCM
Constituents:
Aluminium silicate, Iron oxide, Magnesium oxide, trace minerals
Classification:
2P. HEMOSTATIC
3D. CORDIALS & CARDIACS
4c. CARDIAC 4k. ARTHRITIC
TCM:
L. Stop Bleeding
Uses:
1. Stops Leakages from the Intestines: (West, TCM)
-chronic Diarrhea and Dysentery-like disorders
2. Clears Heat, Stops Bleeding: (West, TCM)
-various types of bleeding
3. Clears Heat, Resists Poison: (West)
-Poisons and Epidemic diseases. (West, Unani)
4. Calms and Benefits the Heart: (West, TCM)
5. Externally:
-applied to chronic Sores, Swellings and Ulcers, including those of the mouth (West, TCM)
Dose:
… available in PRO version
Comment:
… available in PRO version
Substitutes:
… available in PRO version
Correctives:
… available in PRO version
Preparation:
… available in PRO version
Main Combinations:
Red Earth is often combined with Earth of Lemnos or Sealed Earth for Diarrhea, Dysentery, all leakages and bleeding.
Bleeding:
1. To stop Bleeding and clear Heat and Inflammations, Red (Armenian) Earth
… available in PRO version
2. Bleeding:
i. Red (Armenian) Earth with
… available in PRO version
ii. from Heat, take Red (Armenian) Earth with
… available in PRO version
3. Against Spitting Blood, Red (Armenian) Earth with
… available in PRO version
4. Uterine Bleeding, Red Earth (Chi Shi Zhi) with
… available in PRO version
Epidemic Diseases:
5. For Epidemic and Infectious diseases including Measles and Small Pox:
i. Red Earth (half oz.),
… available in PRO version
ii. Red Earth with
… available in PRO version
iii. Red Earth with
… available in PRO version
Astringent for Leakages:
6. Diarrhea, Dysentery:
i. Red (Armenian) Earth with
… available in PRO version
ii. Water solution of Red Earth (Chi Shi Zhi)
… available in PRO version
iii. lingering Diarrhea, Red Earth (Chi Shi Zhi),
… available in PRO version
iv. from Spleen and Stomach deficiency, calcined Red Earth (Chi Shi Zhi), with
… available in PRO version
7. Urinary Incontinence, calcined Red Earth (Chi Shi Zhi),
… available in PRO version
8. Diabetes:
i. Red (Armenian) Earth,
… available in PRO version
ii. Red (Armenian) Earth,
… available in PRO version
9. Astringent Powder: Red (Armenian) Earth,
… available in PRO version
Other:
10. Chest Pain, Red Earth (Chi Shi Zhi) with
… available in PRO version
11. As a paste with
… available in PRO version
12. Heat-type skin conditions, boils, sores, Red (Armenian) Earth with
… available in PRO version
Major Formulas:
Powder for Bleeding of Galen
Powder for Excess Menstruation (Serapion)
Powder for Excessive Menstrual Bleeding (Wirtzung)
Red Hungarian Powder
Astringent Pills
Pills for Excess Menstruation (Gabelhover)
Pills Against Fluxes (Nicolas)
Pills for Arthritis (Wirtzung)
Troches of Coral (Galen)
Troches of Gordon (Trochisci Gordonii)
Troches of Earth of Lemnos (Trochisci de Terra Lemna)
Troches for Kidney Ulcers (Riverius)
Confection of Hyacinth (Confectio de Hyacintho)
Electuary of Coral (Diacorallion) (Nicholas)
Electuary of Scordium
Tincture for Blood Stagnation
Cautions:
1. Not used in acute Diarrhea (TCM)
2. Generally not used in pregnancy
3. All Earths are best heated at 100 degrees C for 1–2 hours to eliminate bacteria and fungal spores.
Toxicity:
1. Levels of lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium in clays for oral use on the Dutch market and estimation of associated risks.
2. Some clay-earths have been found to contain potentially harmful organisms and fungal spores. They are therefore best heated before internal use.
Main Preparations used:
Prepared Red Earth
1. Armenian bole: a historical medicinal clay.
2. An Evidence-Based Review on Medicinal Value of Clays in Traditional Persian Medicine.
3. Healing and edible clays: a review of basic concepts, benefits and risks.
4. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal clays: an overview.
5. Methods for the improvement of clay quality for their therapeutic application.
6. What makes a natural clay antibacterial?
7. The Effect of Traditional Treatments on Heavy Metal Toxicity of Armenian Bole.
8. Bridging the Gaps: Bole and Terra Sigillata as Artefacts, as Simples and as Antibacterial Clays.